In Curriculum development, the teaching and learning are actions necessary to accomplish a goal in education. What is the role of teaching in curriculum development? So, what is learning in the curriculum development?
Teaching as process inCurriculum The
process of teaching replicates the process of curriculum development. The
implementation phase of curriculum development is the actual teaching and
experiencing of curriculum, as shown in Figure 2
FeedbackandReflections
• Planning Phase - includes
decisions about: (a) the needs of the learners; (b) the achievable goals and
objectives to meet the needs; (c) the selection of the content to be taught;
(d) the motivation to carry out the goals; (e) the strategies most fit to carry
out the goals; and (f) the evaluation process to measure learning outcomes
• Implementation Phase -
requires the teacher to implement what has been planned.
• EvaluationPhase - a match of
the objectives with learning outcomes will be determined.
• Process of Feedback and
Reflection - to give information as to whether the three phases were
appropriately done and elicited good results.
Roles of Stakeholders in Curriculum
Implementation
Stakeholders are individuals or institution that are interested in the
school curriculum. Their interest varies in degree and complexity. They get
involved in many different ways in the implementation because the curriculum
affects them directly or indirectly.
·
Learners at the
Center of the Curriculum - These learners are the very reason why curriculum is developed.
·
Teachers as
Curriculum Developers and Implementers - Planning and writing the curriculum are the primary
roles of the teacher. The teachers writes a curriculum regularly through a
lesson plan, a unit plan or a yearly plan. He prepares the activities for the
students to do. The teacher addresses the goals, needs, and interest of the
learners by creating experiences from where the students can learn. He designs,
enriches, and modifies the curriculum to suit the learners‘ characteristics.‖ No technology can ever replace a teacher, it will
only support the multifaceted role of the teacher.
·
Curriculum Managers
and Administrators - They are people
who are responsible in the formulation of the school‘s vision, philosophy,
mission and objectives. They provide necessary leadership in evaluating
teaching personnel and school programs. The principle of command responsibility
and institutional leadership rests on the shoulders of the school
administrators.
·
Parents as Supporters
to the curriculum - Parents are the best supporters of the school, especially because they
are the ones paying for their child‘s education. Hence, they want to get the
best of his/her investment in education. This has an implication to what kind
if curriculum is being offered in the school.
·
Community Members as
Curriculum Resources - Community members and materials in the existing local community can
very well substitute for what are needed to implement the curriculum. Respected
community members may be included in school boards; some can become resource
speakers, etc.
·
Other Stakeholders in
Curriculum Implementation - Professional
organizations like those of teachers, lawyers, medical doctors, engineers and
many others are asked by curriculum specialists to contribute in curriculum
review because they have a voice in licensure examinations, curriculum
enhancement and many more. Often, they have a better view of the industry where
the graduates of the curriculum go.
The role
of Technology in Implementing the Curriculum
Technological changes in education make its impact on
the delivery of more effective, efficient and humanizing teaching-and-learning.
Increase in the use of information and communication technology or ICT is an
explosive trend that made it influence education, Educational technology has
the following roles in delivering the school curriculum‘s instructional
program.
•
Upgrading the quality
of teaching-and-learning in schools
•
Increasing the
capability if the teacher to effectively inculcate learning, and for students
to gain mastery of lessons and courses.
•
Broadening the
delivery of education outside schools through non-traditional approaches to
formal and informal learning such as open universities and lifelong learning to
adult learners.
•
Revolutionizing the
use of technology to boost educational paradigm shifts that give importance to student-
centered and holistic learning.
Pilot Testing, Monitoring and Evaluating the
Implementation of the Curriculum
•
Pilot testing - this is a process where empirical data are gathered
to support whether the material or the curriculum is useful, relevant, reliable
and valid
•
Monitoring - is a periodic assessment and adjustment during the
try out period. It determines how the curriculum is working so that the
monitoring report becomes the basis of decision on what aspects have to be
retained, improved or modified.
•
Curriculum Evaluation - as part of total educational evaluation refers to a
systematic process of judging the value, effectiveness and adequacy of a
curriculum. It is a process, product and setting which will lead to informed
decisions.
There are
two ways of curriculum evaluation
(1) School-Based Evaluation (SBE)
- an approach to curriculum evaluation which places the content, design,
operation, and maintenance of evaluation procedure in the hands of school
personnel.
(2) Accreditation-this is a
voluntary process of submitting a curricular program to an external accrediting
body foe review in any level of education: basic, tertiary or graduate school,
to ensure that standards are met. Accreditation studies the statement of the
educational intentions of school and affirms the standard of excellence.