• Inadequate
stimulation (talking and playing with the child)
• Delayed general development
(global developmental delay), physical development motor skills), cognitive
development etc.
• Specific difficulty
with language learning. Not very interested in language, prefers other
modalities e.g. physical activities
• Poor control and/or
coordination of the speech muscles; lips, tongue etc.
• Medical problems
• Inadequate awareness
of communication, lacks‖ communication intent‖
• Reduced hearing e.g.
ear infection, fluid in ear, impacted earwax etc.
• Changes in child‘s
environment e.g. moving
• Exposure to too many
languages for the child
• Inadequate
opportunity for speech e.g. the child everyone talks for, the ―babied‖ child has a more
dominant sibling etc.
• Emotional factors
e.g. behavioral problems, anxiety, pressure to perform etc.
• Short attention span.
• Family history of
speech and language delays or difficulties
Exceptional
Development
Aphasia-
Aphasia (or aphmia) is a loss of the ability to produce and/or comprehend
language due to injury to brain areas specialized for these functions. It is
not a result of deficits in sensory, intellect, or
psychiatric functioning.
Depending on the area and extent of the damage, someone suffering from
aphasia may be able to speak
but not write, or vice versa, or display any of wide variety of other
deficiencies in language comprehension and production, such as being able to
sing but not to speak.
Dyslexia-Dyslexia
is a specific learning disability that manifests primarily as a difficulty with
written language, particularly with reading and spelling. Dyslexia is the
result of a neurological differences but is not intellectual disability. Most
people with dyslexia have average or above average intelligence.
Evidence suggests that dyslexia
results for differences in how the brain processes written and/or verbal
language. It is separate and distinct from reading difficulties resulting from
other causes, such as deficiencies in intelligence, a non-neurological
deficiency with vision or hearing, or from poor or inadequate reading
instruction.