Logic (from
the Greek"l ogos", which has a variety of meanings including word, thought,
idea, argument, account, reason or principle) is the study of reasoning, or the
study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration. It
attempts to distinguish good reasoning from bad reasoning.
What is the history of logic? The history
of logic deals with the study of the development of the science of valid
inference (logic). Formal logics developed in ancient times in India, China,
and Greece. The Stoics, especially Chrysippus, began the development of
predicate logic.
What are the different types
of logic? There are two types of logical arguments -
deductive and inductive. Examples of these are: Deductive – This type of
reasoning provides complete evidence of the truth of its conclusion. It uses a
specific and accurate premise that leads to a specific and accurate conclusion.
What is an example of logic? One
type of logical reasoning is deductive. Deductive reasoning uses information
from a large set and applies that information to any member of that set. For
example: All English professors are boring (major evidence or premise) Lauren
is an English professor (minor evidence or premise)
What are the three types of
reasoning? Combining these two forms of logical
reasoning together with the three different types results in the following
distinguish in logical reasoning:
•
Deductive.
Formal deductive reasoning. Informal deductive reasoning. Is reasoning that is done
through the process of inferring a general law or principle from the
observation of particular instances to a general conclusion.
•
Inductive.
Formal inductive reasoning. Informal inductive reasoning. Is reasoning through
a process that is from general principle to specific included within the scope
of that principle
•
Abductive.
Formal abductive reasoning.
What are the basic principles
of logic? Laws of thought, traditionally, the three
fundamental laws of logic: (1) the law of contradiction, (2) the law of
excluded middle (or third), and (3) the principle of identity. That is, (1) for
all propositions p, it is impossible for both p and not p to be true, or
symbolically ∼(p. ∼p), in which ∼ means ―not‖
and.
Who is the father of logic? Aristotle
(384—322 B.C.E.) Aristotle is a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy,
making contributions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology,
botany, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre. He was a
student of Plato who in turn studied under Socrates.
What is the difference
between reason and logic? The primary difference
between logic and reason is that reason is subject to personal opinion, whereas
logic is
an actual science that follows
clearly defined rules and
tests for critical thinking. Logic
also seeks tangible, visible or audible proof of a sound thought process by reasoning.
What is the difference between
inductive and deductive reasoning? This
is because inductive reasoning starts with a conclusion and deductive reasoning
starts with a premise.
Therefore, inductive
reasoning moves from specific instances into a
generalized conclusion, while deductive reasoning moves
from generalized principles that are known to be true to a true and specific
conclusion.
Is Psychology a logic? The
psychology of reasoning is the study of how people reason, often broadly
defined as the process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve
problems and make decisions. It overlaps with psychology,
philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, logic, and
probability theory.