Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory / ZPD

 


A. The Non Verbal Intervention


1. PLANNED IGNORING - is based on reinforcement theory that if

you ignore a behavior, it lessens and eventually disappears

2. SIGNAL INTERFERENCE--- is any type of non-verbal behavior

that communicates to the student without disturbing others, that his behavior is not appropriate. Signal behaviors must be clearly directed at the off-task student. There should be no doubt in the student mind that the teacher is aware of what is going and that the student is responsible for the behavior.

3. PROXIMITY CONTROL--- is any movement towards or taking up a position in the vicinity of the disruptive student. Proximity control

combined with signal interference results in a very effective non verbal control technique

4. TOUCH CONTROL--- is a light non aggressive physical contact

with the student that the teacher disapproves of the disruptive

behavior.


B. The Verbal Intervention

 

1.ADJACENT REINFORCEMENT---it is placed first in the hierarchy

because it gives the student chance to control his own behaviour

without any intervention on the part of the teacher that call attention

to the student on his behaviour.

2.CALL ON THE STUDENT NAME-DROP---when a student is

behaving inappropriately, the teacher may redirect the student to

appropriate behaviour by calling on the student to answer a question,

if asking a question is a part of the lesson.

3. HUMOR---humor that is directed at the teacher or at the situation

rather than at the student can diffuse tension in the classroom as well

as redirect students to appropriate behaviour

4. QUESTION AWARENESS OF EFFECT---sometimes students who

disrupt learning are genuinelynot aware of the effect of their behaviour

on other people. Making them aware of how their behavior affects

other people is a powerful technique for getting students to control

their behavior.

5. DIRECT APPEAL--- another technique that is very useful for

instances in which a teacher enjoysa referent or expert power base is

direct appeal. Direct appeal means requesting in a courteousway that

students stop disruptive behavior

6. POSITIVE PHRASING--- many times parents and teachers fall into

the trap of putting more emphasis of the negative outcomes of

misbehaviour than the positive outcome of appropriate behavior.

7. “ARE NOT FORS”--- of all the verbal interventions, the "are not

fors" is the most in use. It is implemented primarily when elementary

or preschool children misuse property or materialsand is generally

effective behaviour in a very positive way.

8. REMINDERS OF THE RULES--- when the teacher has established

a clear set of classroom guidelineof rules early and has received

students' commitment to the rules, misbehaviour frequently may be

curbed by merely reminding disruptive students about the rules.

9. GLASSER'S TRIPLETS---Glasser proposes that teacher ask

disruptive student three questions in order to direct the students to

appropriate behaviors; a. What are you doing?b. Is it against the

rules? c. What should you be doing?

10. EXPLICIT REDIRECTION---consist of an order to stop the

misbehaviour and return to acceptable behavior. The redirection is

made in the form of a teacher command and leaves no room for

student rebuttal.

11. CANTER'S BROKEN RECORD--- has developed a strategy for

clearly communicating to the student that the teacher will not engage

in verbal bantering and intends to make sure the student resumes

appropriate behaviour. Canter labelled this method “the broken

record” because the teacher behaviour sounds like a broken record to the student


C.INTERVENTION FOR CHRONIC PROBLEMS

If the students continually misbehave even after all the preventive

intervention techniques have been appropriately employed but they

disrupt learning, interfere with the work of others, challenge teacher

authority and often try to entice others to misbehave on a fairly

consistent basis, these could be done.

1. BEHAVIOR CONTRACTING---a behavior contract is a written

agreement between the teacher and student that commit the student

to behave more appropriately and provides a specified reward for

meeting the commitment.

2. ANECDOTAL RECORD KEEPING - it can be used for remedying

chronic behavioral problems. This method has been used successfully

by veteran teachers to handle a variety of chronic discipline problems.

Anecdotal record keeping is an interactionist approach of controlling

classroom behaviors.

The above-mentioned interventions could be applicable to some but

not to everyone, so it is in the discretion of the teacher to what

intervention she will apply for a certain disruptive student or students.

But at the end of the day, one could realize that being an effective

Classroom Manager is not a talent which some people just have or

others do not but it is a set of skills and an attitude learned through

patience and practice.


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