ULTIMATE GENERAL EDUCATION “SCIENCE 2” [Rationale]

1. The temperature at which a substance changes from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase is called as?

A. Evaporation

B. Condensation

C. Freezing

D. Deposition

 

Answer: A

Rationale: Evaporation is a phase transition from the liquid phase to the gas phase that occurs at temperatures below the boiling point at a given pressure. Condensation: The process by which a gas cools and becomes liquid. Freezing: The process of solidifying as a result of abstraction of heat Sublimation: A change of phase from solid to gas.

 

 

2. Which of the following illustrates a physical change?

A. Butter melts

B. Milk turns sour

C. Iron nail rusts

D. Fruits ripen

 

Answer: A

Rationale: A butter melting on a hot day because it was left out on the counter, is an example of physical change. Physical change is simply change in size, shape and phase without changing the composition of the matter.

 

 

 

3. Of the state of matter, which has the weakest intermolecular force of attraction?

A. Solid

B. Liquid

C. Gas

D. Both liquid and gas

 

Answer: C

Rationale: The gas is the state in which matter expands to occupy the volume and shape of its container and it has indefinite shape and indefinite volume. The motion of gas molecules is completely free (unlimited) , the intermolecular spaces are very large and the intermolecular forces are very weak or almost not existed .

 

4. Which of these is malleable?    

A. Gold

B. Glass

C. Chalk

D. Rubber

 

Answer: A

Rationale: Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and the atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Malleability is the capability of metals to be stretched or bent into different shapes.

 

5. When vapor condenses to a liquid, heat is?

 

 

A. Released        

B. Absorbed      

C. Transformed 

D. Increased

 

Answer: A

Rationale: Condensation is the formation of liquid drops of water from water vapor. It is the process which creates clouds, and so is necessary for rain and snow formation as well. Condensation in the  atmosphere usually occurs as a parcel of rising air expands and cools to the point where some of the water vapor molecules clump together faster than they are torn apart from their thermal energy. A very important part of this process is the release of the latent heat of condensation.

 

6. Which classification of matter consists of two or more atoms?

A. Mixtures

B. Compounds

C. Elements

D. Solution

 

Answer: B

Rationale: In basic chemistry, the simplest form of most matter is a compound. The definition of a compound is two or more elements that are chemically combined. Since a molecule contains two or more atoms, it is a compound.

 

7. Which of the following is mostly composed of ionic compounds? 

A. Organic

B. Metals

C. Mixtures

D. Elements

 

Answer: B

 

Rationale: Those molecules that consist of charged ions with opposite charges are called IONIC. These ionic compounds are generally solids with high melting points and conduct electrical current. Ionic compounds are generally formed from metal and non-metal elements.

 

8. This refers to the space occupied by matter:

A. Mass

B. Solubility

C. Volume

D. Malleability

 

Answer: C

Rationale: The amount of space an object occupies is its volume. Solubility is the amount of substance that will dissolve in a given amount of another substance. Malleability is the capability of metals to be stretched or bent into different shapes. Mass is the property of a body that is a measure of its inertia and that is commonly taken as a measure of the amount of material.

 

9. Hardness is one of the properties of matter and is best described as:

A. Property of a solid to resist compression.

B. Is the temperature at which substance begins to change from solid to liquid.

C. Is the temperature at which a substance begins to change from liquid to gas.

D. Ability of liquid to dissolve in another liquid.

 

Answer: A

Rationale: Hardness is a measure of how resistant solid matter is to various kinds of permanent shape change when a compressive force is applied

 

10. Chemical change in matter usually happens when:

A. The change in substance keeps its chemical identity.

B. New substances are formed from the original substance.

C. Nuclear composition of an atom increases or decreases.

D. An atom has same atomic mass but different atomic number.

 

Answer: B

Rationale: There are usually one or more new substances formed or created from that change, You can tell there is chemical change when it produces a gas, light, smell, fire (heat) or color change

 

11. Phase of matter wherein particles have great attraction to each other, has definite shape and volume:

A. Solid

B. Gas

C Liquid

D. Plasma

 

Answer: A

Rationale: Solids have definite shapes and volumes because their atoms and molecules are held together firmly by the strong inter-molecular forces.

 

12. Which of the following composition of atom surrounds the nucleus and has a negative charge?

A. Protons

B. Neutrons

C. Nucleus

D. Electrons

 

Answer: D

Rationale: Electrons have a negative charge and are electrically attracted to the positively charged protons. Neutrons are very small rock particles that has no electrical charge.

 

 

13. Refers to a break or crack in the Earth's crust:

A. Epicenter

B. Fault

C. Fault line

D. Focus

 

Answer: B

Rationale: A crack in the earth's crust is called a fault, Some faults cannot be seen by someone standing on the Earth's surface. That is because these faults occur underneath surface, but many faults do extend up to the surface, forming different kinds of cracks in the Earth's outer crust.

 

14. When large masses of rock in the Earth's crust deform and break, the sudden movement creates vibrations that travel through the Earth and is felt as a/an:

A. Earthquake

B. Tornado

C. Tsunami

D. Landslide

 

Answer: A

Rationale: An earthquake is the vibrations we feel when the earth's crust suddenly moves. Tornado is a violent and destructive whirling wind accompanied by a funnel-shaped cloud that progresses in a narrow path over the land. Tsunami is a great sea wave produced especially by submarine earth movement or volcanic eruption. Landslide is a usually rapid downward movement of a mass of rock.

 

15. Which of the following refers to the spot directly above the focus of earthquake on the surface of the Earth?

A. Hypocenter

B. Epicenter

C. Fault

D. Fault line

 

Answer: B

Rationale: The surface directly above where an earthquake starts is called the /epicenter, according to the United States Geological Survey.

 

16. The place where the Earthquake starts or the origin of an earthquake is termed as:

A. Epicenter

B. Fault

C. Fault line

D. Focus

 

Answer: D

Rationale: The location below the  earth's surface where the earthquake

starts is called the hypocenter or focus

 

17. A scale that measures the magnitude of an earthquake based on seismic waves and movements along a fault is known as;

A. Mercalli scale

B. Movement magnitude scale

C. Richter scale

D. Weighing scale

 

Answer: C

Rationale: Richter Scale - an open-ended logarithmic scale for expressing the magnitude of a seismic disturbance in terms of energy. Mercalli scale - a measure of earthquake intensity. Movement magnitude scale - used by seismologists to measure the size of earthquakes in terms of energy released.

 

18. What does seismograph record?

A. Location of the epicentre

B. Rating of the earthquake

C. Movement caused by seismic waves

D. Speed of seismic waves

 

Answer: C

Rationale: A       seismograph,      or seismometer, is an instrument used to detect and record earthquakes. Generally, it consists of a mass attached to a fixed base. During an earthquake, the base moves and the mass do not. The motion of the base with respect to the mass is commonly transformed into an electrical voltage.

 

19. Which of the following government agencies is responsible for mapping the active faults and trenches in the Philippines?

A. DENR

B. DPWH

C. PAGASA

D. PHIVOLCS

 

Answer: D

Rationale: The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology- Department of Science and Technology (PHIVOLCS¬DOST) is responsible for mapping the active faults and trenches in the Philippines.

 

20. A sudden push from an underwater fault can produce a wave called:

A. Hurricane

B. Thunderstorm

C. Tornado

D. Tsunami

 

Answer: D

Rationale: Tsunamis are large waves caused by sudden movement of the ocean due to earthquakes, landslides, large volcanic eruptions or meteorite impact in the ocean. Earthquake - the vibrations we feel when the earth's crust suddenly moves. Tornado is a violent and destructive whirling wind accompanied by a funnel-shaped cloud that progresses in a narrow path over the land. Landslide-a usually rapid downward movement of a mass of rock.

 

21. Tanny Cruz, a meteorologist announced a tropical cyclone spotted North of Batanes with wind speed of 200 kph. What kind of weather disturbance is expected to hit Batanes?

A. Tropical depression

B. Tropical storm

C. Typhoon

D. Super Typhoon

 

Answer: D

Rationale: PAGASA in its typhoon classification now include a super typhoon category 4 or exceeds 200 kph. Tropical depression is a low pressure area with thunderstorm with accompanying winds of 39 mph.

Tropical storm is a low pressure area with thunderstorm with accompanying winds of 39 mph-73 mph. Typhoon is a tropical storm formed in the Pacific Ocean.

 

 

22. What is the temperature of the bodies of water in the vicinity of the Philippines?

A. Cold

B. Lukewarm

C. Moist

D. Warm

 

Answer: D

Rationale: The waters around the Philippines are warm because the Philippines is in the tropical band of the planet.

 

23. In which climate zone is the Philippines found?

 

A. Arctic

B. Polar

C. Temperate

D. Tropical

 

Answer: D

Rationale: Climate of the Philippines is either tropical rainforest, tropical savanna, tropical monsoon, or humid subtropical (in higher-altitude areas) characterized by relatively high temperature, oppressive humidity and plenty of rainfall.

 

24. Tropical storm:: formed in Atlantic ocean:

A. Hurricane

B. Typhoon

C. Cyclone

D. Tornado

 

Answer: A

Rationale: Tropical storms are low pressure area with accompanying winds of 39 mph-73 mph. Storms formed at the Atlantic ocean is called hurricane.

 

25. To inform the people about the approaching weather disturbance, the PAGASA sends out:

A. Emergency kit

B. Typhoon signal

C. Weatherman

D. Weather map

 

Answer: B

Rationale: Public Storm Warning Signals are raised to warn the public of incoming weather disturbances. Once a Storm Signal is raised, conditions are not yet necessarily felt in the given area, The following are the lead times for issuing a Public Storm Signal:

The weather disturbance is expected in 36 hours once Public Storm Warning Signal No. 1 is raised.

The weather disturbance is expected in 24 hours once Public Storm Warning Signal No. 2 is raised.

The weather disturbance is expected in 18 hours once Public Storm Warning Signal No. 3 is raised.

The weather disturbance is expected in 12 hours once Public Storm Warning Signal No. 4 is raised.

 

26. What is the highest rank of coal?

A. Lignite

B. Anthracite

C. Charcoal

D. Bituminous

 

Answer: B

Rationale: The rank of coal from lowesto highest is lignite—sub-bituminous-bituminous-anthracite.

 

27. Why do typhoons weaken as they pass over land?

A. It no longer has warm, moist air to draw energy from

B. It starts at a latitude closer to the equator

C. The wind blows from different directions

D. There is less water vapour in cool air

 

Answer: A

Rationale: When typhoons move over land, they usually start to weaken quickly because they no longer have their source of fuel.

 

28. Which of the following planets is  known as the fastest orbiting  planet in the solar system?

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

 

Answer: A

Rationale: The fastest moving planet in the solar system is Mercury. The planet whizzes around the sun at an orbital velocity of 1.6 times that of earth's orbital velocity.

 

 

29. Which of the following is known as the largest gas planet?

A. Saturn

B. Neptune

C. Uranus

D. Jupiter

 

Answer: D

Rationale: Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and the fifth planet from the sun.

 

 

30. A grade 8 science teacher is discussing tension force. Which of the following statement describe this type of force?

A. A force with which the earth, moon, and other massively large objects attracts another object toward itself,

B. Force upon an object that is it contact with another stable object.

C. A force transmitted through a string when it is pulled tight.

D. A force that is also called as support force.

 

 

Answer: C

Rationale: Tension force describes the pulling force transmitted axially by means of a string, cable, chain or similar one dimensional continuous object, or by each end of a rod, truss member, or similar three dimensional objects; tension can also be described as the action reaction pair of forces acting at each end of said elements.



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