1. Which part of our body serves as a lever, a kind of simple machine?
A. Spinal cord
B. Neurons
C. Tendon
D. Bone
Answer: D
Rationale: Bones, ligaments,
and muscles are the structures that form levers in the body to create human
movement. In simple terms, a joint (where two or more bones join together)
forms the axis (or fulcrum), and the muscles crossing the joint apply the force
to move a weight or resistance.
2. The selectivity of the cell membrane is
most closely associated with the maintenance of ___________.
A. Homeostasis
B. Pinocystosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Plasmolysis
Answer: A
Rationale: Homeostasis is a
key concept in understanding how our body works, It means keeping things
constant and comes from two Greek words: ‘homeo,' meaning 'similar,' and
'stasis,' meaning `stable.' A more formal definition of homeostasis is a
characteristic of a system that regulates its internal environment and tends to
maintain a stable, relatively constant condition of properties.
3. What are the breathing organs of plants
that are located in the stems and trunks
A. Lamellae
B. Stoma
C. Lenticels
D. Cortex
Answer: C
Rationale: Lenticel is a
small cork pore, or narrow line, on the surface of woody plant stems. It
functions as a pore allowing for the interchange of gases between the interior
tissue and the surrounding air. internal plant tissue is impermeable to gases
without lenticel.
4. Which modified stern is used for the
storage of food?
A. Carrot
B. Potato
C. Gabi
D. Tomato
Answer: B
Rationale: Potato plant has
a modified stem. The modified stem is the potato itself — the potato tuber —
which is just part of the entire plant.
5. Which animals belong to the order
PRIMATES?
A. Ape
B. Whale
C. Bat
D. Porpoise
Answer: A
Rationale: The order Primates
was traditionally divided into two main groupings: prosimians and anthropoids
(simians). Prosimians have characteristics mire like those of the earliest
primates, and include the lemurs of Madagascar, lorisoids and tarsier. Simians
include monkeys, apes and hominins.
Order Artiodactyla: even-toed
ungulates — antelope, deer, camels, pigs, cows, sheep, hippos
Order Carnivora: carnivores —
cats, bears, weasels, pinnipeds, etc
Order Cetacea: whales, dolphins
Order Chiroptera: bats
Order Insectivora: insect-eaters
such as moles, shrews and hedgehogs
Order Lagomorpha: rabbits, hares,
pikas
Order Perissodactyla: odd-toed
ungulates — horses, rhinos, tapirs
Order Primates: apes, monkeys,
lemurs, people
Order Proboscidea: elephants, mammoths, mastodonts, etc
Order Rodentia: rodents — rats,
mice, squirrels, girbels, hamsters
Order Sirenia: sea cows,
manatees Order Edentata: sloths, armadillos Order Diprotodontia
kangaroos, wallaby, wombats, koalas
6. We feel warmer just before it rains
because _________.
A. There is an increase relative humidity
B. Heat is released by the evaporation of
water.
C. The clouds prevent heat from escaping
the earth.
D. Heat is released by the condensation of
water vapor.
Answer: A
Rationale: The weather is in
its transition phase. It's is due to moisture and humidity. Just before the
rains, the surrounding would become so hot that some amount of the water
vaporizes in the air itself without falling to the ground. This water vapour
contains the heat it has absorbed and when it combines with the air, the
humidity increases thus leads to the warm surrounding and at times it so hot
which even makes us suffocate.
7. Most of the reactions involved in aerobic
respiration occur in the:
A. Ribosomes
B. Golgi bodies
C. Mitochondria
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: C
Rationale: Respiration is a
reaction that occurs in the mitochondria. It is when glucose and oxygen react
together to become ATP (energy), water and carbon dioxide. Glucose comes from
our food and, when broken down, creates ATP which can be used to power many
processes such as growth and cell division.
8. Which
of the following criterion is used to distinguish between two species?
A. Physical traits
B. Time
C. Geography
D. Reproduction
Answer: D
Rationale: A species is
often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can
produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction
9. In the process of evolution, the effect of the environment is to:
A. Provide stable conditions favourable to
the survival of the species
B. Provide conditions favorable for the
formation of fossils
C. Act as a selective force on variation
in species
D. Prevent the occurrence of mutation
Answer: C
Rationale: The traditional
view is that ecology shapes evolution. The environment defines a template for
the process of evolution: natural selection shapes organisms to fit that
template
10. What do you call the hormone that
stimulates the secretion of milk?
A. Luteinizing hormone
B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C. Follicle-stimulating hormone
D. Prolactin
Answer: D
Rationale: Prolactin (PRL),
also known as luteotropic hormone or luteotropin, is a protein
that in humans is best known for its role in enabling mammals, usually females,
to produce milk. It is influential in over 300 separate processes in various
vertebrates. Prolactin is secreted from the pituitary gland in response to
eating, mating, estrogen treatment, ovulation and nursing. Prolactin is
secreted in pulses in between these events. Prolactin plays an essential role
in metabolism, regulation of the immune system and pancreatic development. Luteinizing
hormone: Females — promotes ovulation of the egg and stimulates estrogen
and progesterone production. Thyroid-stimulating hormone: Stimulates
release of thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine from the thyroid gland. Follicle-stimulating
hormone: Females — promotes development of eggs and follicles in the ovary
prior to ovulation; Males —promotes production of testosterone from testis.
11. The fact that large numbers of
mitochondria are observed in the tubule cells of nephrons suggest that the
nephron is involved in the process of:
A. Passive transport
B. Active transport
C. Diffusion
D. Osmosis
Answer: B
Rationale: All reabsorption
and secretion activity that occurs within the kidney is due to active
transport.
12. Some
vines can climb posts easily because they respond positively to touch. Such
response is termed _________.
A. Photoperidism
B. Phototropism
C. Geotropism
D. Thigmotropism
Answer: D
Rationale: Thigmotropism is a directional growth movement of curvature which
occurs in response to stimulus of contact. Thigmotropism is found in twining
plants and tendrils. After initial contact with support due to nutation, the
tendril or twiner shows less growth in the region of contact and more growth on
the opposite side. As a result, they bend around the support. Later on, bending
or coiling may occur in untouched parts of the tendril as well.
13. Some plants have waxy leaves due to
the presence of cutins. Which is a characteristic of cutin?
A. Liquid at room temperature
B. Is a hydropobhic substance
C. Similar to steroids
D. Short chain fatty acids
Answer: B
Rationale: Hydrophobicity is
a property of a substance that repels water. This means lacking affinity for
water, tending not to combine with water or incapable of dissolving in water.
Hydrophobic materials are used to manage oil spills, remove oil from water and
decrease corrosion rates. This is because they are waterproof, corrosion
resistant and stable against inorganic and organic pollutants.
14. A vegetable grower is selecting good
squash seeds that will surely
germinate. What is the usual practice?
A. Open and find out if it has cotyledon.
B. Press and get the hard one.
C. Place them in water and select those
that sink.
D. Select those that float in water.
Answer: C
Rationale: Good seeds will
sink to the bottom of the mix, while bad seeds will pulp float
15. We
should avoid indiscriminate
cutting of trees because:
A. It
loosens the soil and causes flooding
B. We
will run out of wood for building houses.
C. It
makes the forest dry
D. It
is the law.
Answer: A
Rationale: Flooding results
in poor soil aeration because the supply of oxygen to flooded soil is severely
limited. Oxygen deficiency is likely the most important environmental factor
that triggers growth inhibition and injury in flooded plants.
16. What
type of joint is responsible for strengthening or bending our arms and legs?
A. Sliding
B. Hinge
C. Pivot
D. Ball and Socket
Answer: B
Rationale: A hinge is
a mechanical bearing that connects two solid objects, typically allowing only a
limited angle of rotation between them. Two objects connected by an ideal hinge
rotate relative to each other about a fixed axis of rotation. Hinges may be
made of flexible material or of moving components. Ball and socket e.g.
hip and shoulder joints. Pivot e.g. atlantoaxial joint between the atlas
and axis — neck. (=''Condyloid" joint) e.g. between radius, scaphoid and
lunate bones — wrist. Saddle e.g. between trapezium and metacarpal I —
thumb joint. Planar e.g. between the navicular and second
cuniform-ankle.
17. Which
is the correct hierarchy of ecological organization?
A. Population, Ecosystem, Community,
Biosphere
B. Population, Biosphere, Ecosystem,
Community
C. Ecosystem, Population, Community,
Biosphere
D. Population, Community, Ecosystem,
Biosphere
Answer: D
Rationale: Levels of
organization in ecology include the population, community, ecosystem, and
biosphere
18. Pure
water is neither acidic nor basic, that is, it is neutral. It has a pH of
_____________.
A. 4.1
B. 8,5
C. 7
D. 5
Answer: C
Rationale: pH is a measure
of the amount of Hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. Ions are lust atoms that
have an electric charge on them, so H+ is a hydrogen atom with charge of 1.
Even in pure water ions tend to form due to random processes (producing some
Hi- and OH-ions). The amount of H+ that is made in pure water is about equal to
a pH of 7.
19. In
a hydrologic cycle, what processes must occur in order to complete the cycle?
A. Respiration and evaporation
B. Evaporation and sublimation
C. Condensation and sublimation
D. Evaporation and Condensation
Answer: D
Rationale: The hydrologic
cycle begins with the evaporation of water from the surface of the ocean. As
moist air is lifted, it cools and water vapor condenses to form clouds.
Moisture is transported around the globe until it returns to the surface as
precipitation. Once the water reaches the ground, one of two processes may
occur; 1) some of the water may evaporate back into the atmosphere or 2) the
water may penetrate the surface and become groundwater. Groundwater either
seeps its way to into the oceans, rivers, and streams, or is released back into
the atmosphere through transpiration. The balance of water that remains on the
earth's surface is runoff, which empties into lakes, rivers and streams and is
carried back to the oceans, where the cycle begins again.
20. Which of the following clues would
tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
A. Whether or not the cell carries out
cellular metabolism.
B. The presence or absorbance of a rigid
cell wall.
C. The presence or absence of ribosomes.
D. Whether or not the cell is partitioned
by internal membranes.
Answer: D
Rationale: A eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound
organelles, including a nucleus. Eukaryotes can be single-celled or
multi-celled, such as you, me, plants, fungi, and insects. Bacteria are an
example of prokaryotes. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other
membrane-bound organelle.
21. Which is an effective method of preventing
soil erosion from a hill?
A. Practice alternate farming
B. Avoid frequent watering
C. Avoid planting cover crops
D. Practice contour plowing
Answer: D
Rationale: Contour plowing
conserves soil by following the lay of the land and creating ridges that form a
water break to prevent soil erosion. Furrows that do not follow the lay of the
land cause rapid runoff during rainfall by forming a convenient channel for the
water to flow downhill.
22. Given a group of organism, which among
them can be considered a population?
A. Ants in an anthill during summer
B. Frogs caught in a certain rice field
C. Tilapia being cultured in a pond
D. Birds egg that hatches in an aviary
Answer: A
Rationale: A population is
the number of living things that live together in the same place. A city's population
is the number of people living in that city. These people are called
inhabitants or residents. The population includes all individuals that
live in that certain area.
23. Which sites of cellular respiration are
considered the "powerhouse" of eukaryotic cells?
A. Golgi bodies
B. Ribosome
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
D. Mitochondria
Answer: D
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses
of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes
in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell.
The biochemical processes of the cell are known as cellular respiration.
24. What is the composition of the core of
the earth?
A. Oxygen and silicon
B. Silicon and iron
C. Iron and nickel
D. Nickel and magnesium
Answer: C
Rationale: The Earth's core
is made up primarily of the metals nickel and
iron. The inner core is mostly iron, while
the outer core is composed of both nickel and iron.
25. During germination, what gas is needed
most by the spouting seeds?
A. Nitrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Hydrogen
D. Carbon dioxide
Answer: B
Rationale: Seeds needs
oxygen to germinate, so are best started in a light,
loose soil that will not compact, get soggy,
or crust over.
26. After fertilization which part of the flower
develops into a fruit?
A. Corolla
B. Stigma
C. Ovary
D. Receptacle
Answer: C
Rationale: The fruit of any
flower is the ripened ovary of the flower. The ovary contains seeds, and after
the plant is fertilized, the fruit begins to grow around the seeds, protecting
them.
27. Mammals are vertebrates with mammary
glands, Which of the following does not have mammary glands?
A. Dolphin
B. Shark
C. Whale
D. Dog
Answer: B
Rationale: A shark is not
considered a mammal. Sharks are considered members of the paraphyletic group of
organisms that contain gills, or in other words, fish.
28. Which of these is NOT an insect?
A. Louse
B. Giant ant
C. Cockroach
D. Scorpion
Answer: D
Rationale:
Scorpions are predatory
arachnids of the order Scorpiones. They have eight legs and are easily
recognized by the pair of grasping pedipalps and the narrow, segmented tail,
often carried in a characteristic forward curve over the back, ending with a
venomous stinger.
29. What is the structural adaptation of
birds that enables them to fly at high altitudes easily at less effort?
A. Sight is well developing
B. They use strong limbs
C. They are covered with feathers
D. Their bones are porous
Answer: D
Rationale: A bird's breastbone, or sternum, is
shaped like a keel to attach the powerful wing muscles. The bones of a bird's
wings are surprisingly small compared to the size of the wing. All the bones
and muscles of the wing are in the front and covered with feathers that protect
and streamline the wing. The actual flight feathers are attached to the wing
within little pits in the bones.
30. What is the outstanding characteristic
among mammals that are preyed upon by other mammals for food?
A. Help in searching for food
B. Have
claws on both feet
C. Able
to detect danger
D. Possess
eyes on both
sides of the head
Answer: C
Rationale: Mammals are able
to detect danger with the aid of their nose, eyes and ears.