ULTIMATE GENERAL EDUCATION “SCIENCE 1” [Rationale]

1. Which part of our body serves as a lever, a kind of simple machine?

A. Spinal cord

B. Neurons

C. Tendon

D. Bone

 

Answer: D

Rationale: Bones, ligaments, and muscles are the structures that form levers in the body to create human movement. In simple terms, a joint (where two or more bones join together) forms the axis (or fulcrum), and the muscles crossing the joint apply the force to move a weight or resistance.

 

 

2. The selectivity of the cell membrane is most closely associated with the maintenance of ___________.

A. Homeostasis

B. Pinocystosis

C. Phagocytosis

D. Plasmolysis

 

Answer: A

Rationale: Homeostasis is a key concept in understanding how our body works, It means keeping things constant and comes from two Greek words: ‘homeo,' meaning 'similar,' and 'stasis,' meaning `stable.' A more formal definition of homeostasis is a characteristic of a system that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, relatively constant condition of properties.

 

3. What are the breathing organs of plants that are located in the stems and trunks

A. Lamellae

B. Stoma

C. Lenticels

D. Cortex

 

Answer: C

Rationale: Lenticel is a small cork pore, or narrow line, on the surface of woody plant stems. It functions as a pore allowing for the interchange of gases between the interior tissue and the surrounding air. internal plant tissue is impermeable to gases without lenticel.

 

 

 

4. Which modified stern is used for the storage of food?

A. Carrot

B. Potato

C. Gabi

D. Tomato

 

Answer: B

Rationale: Potato plant has a modified stem. The modified stem is the potato itself — the potato tuber — which is just part of the entire plant.

 

 

 

5. Which animals belong to the order PRIMATES?

A. Ape

B. Whale

C. Bat

D. Porpoise

 

Answer: A

Rationale: The order Primates was traditionally divided into two main groupings: prosimians and anthropoids (simians). Prosimians have characteristics mire like those of the earliest primates, and include the lemurs of Madagascar, lorisoids and tarsier. Simians include monkeys, apes and hominins.

Order Artiodactyla: even-toed ungulates — antelope, deer, camels, pigs, cows, sheep, hippos

Order Carnivora: carnivores — cats, bears, weasels, pinnipeds, etc

Order Cetacea: whales, dolphins

Order Chiroptera: bats

Order Insectivora: insect-eaters such as moles, shrews and hedgehogs

Order Lagomorpha: rabbits, hares, pikas

Order Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates — horses, rhinos, tapirs

Order Primates: apes, monkeys, lemurs, people

Order Proboscidea:   elephants, mammoths, mastodonts, etc

Order Rodentia: rodents — rats, mice, squirrels, girbels, hamsters

Order Sirenia: sea cows, manatees Order Edentata: sloths, armadillos Order Diprotodontia kangaroos, wallaby, wombats, koalas

 

 

6. We feel warmer just before it rains because _________.

A. There is an increase relative humidity

B. Heat is released by the evaporation of water.

C. The clouds prevent heat from escaping the earth.

D. Heat is released by the condensation of water vapor.

 

Answer: A

Rationale: The weather is in its transition phase. It's is due to moisture and humidity. Just before the rains, the surrounding would become so hot that some amount of the water vaporizes in the air itself without falling to the ground. This water vapour contains the heat it has absorbed and when it combines with the air, the humidity increases thus leads to the warm surrounding and at times it so hot which even makes us suffocate.

 

 

 

 

7. Most of the reactions involved in aerobic respiration occur in the:

 

A. Ribosomes

B. Golgi bodies

C. Mitochondria

D. Endoplasmic reticulum

 

Answer: C

Rationale: Respiration is a reaction that occurs in the mitochondria. It is when glucose and oxygen react together to become ATP (energy), water and carbon dioxide. Glucose comes from our food and, when broken down, creates ATP which can be used to power many processes such as growth and cell division.

 

8.  Which of the following criterion is used to distinguish between two species?

 

A. Physical traits

B. Time

C. Geography

D. Reproduction

 

Answer: D

Rationale: A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction

 

9. In the process of evolution, the  effect of the environment is to:

A. Provide stable conditions favourable to the survival of the species

B. Provide conditions favorable for the formation of fossils

C. Act as a selective force on variation in species

D. Prevent the occurrence of mutation

 

Answer: C

Rationale: The traditional view is that ecology shapes evolution. The environment defines a template for the process of evolution: natural selection shapes organisms to fit that template

 

10. What do you call the hormone that stimulates the secretion of milk?

A. Luteinizing hormone

B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone

C. Follicle-stimulating hormone

D. Prolactin

 

Answer: D

Rationale: Prolactin (PRL), also known as luteotropic hormone or luteotropin, is a protein that in humans is best known for its role in enabling mammals, usually females, to produce milk. It is influential in over 300 separate processes in various vertebrates. Prolactin is secreted from the pituitary gland in response to eating, mating, estrogen treatment, ovulation and nursing. Prolactin is secreted in pulses in between these events. Prolactin plays an essential role in metabolism, regulation of the immune system and pancreatic development. Luteinizing hormone: Females — promotes ovulation of the egg and stimulates estrogen and progesterone production. Thyroid-stimulating hormone: Stimulates release of thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine from the thyroid gland. Follicle-stimulating hormone: Females — promotes development of eggs and follicles in the ovary prior to ovulation; Males —promotes production of testosterone from testis.

 

11. The fact that large numbers of mitochondria are observed in the tubule cells of nephrons suggest that the nephron is involved in the process of:

A. Passive transport

B. Active transport

C. Diffusion

D. Osmosis

 

Answer: B

Rationale: All reabsorption and secretion activity that occurs within the kidney is due to active transport.

 

12.    Some vines can climb posts easily because they respond positively to touch. Such response is termed _________.

 

A. Photoperidism

B. Phototropism

C. Geotropism

D. Thigmotropism

 

Answer: D

Rationale: Thigmotropism is a directional growth movement of curvature which occurs in response to stimulus of contact. Thigmotropism is found in twining plants and tendrils. After initial contact with support due to nutation, the tendril or twiner shows less growth in the region of contact and more growth on the opposite side. As a result, they bend around the support. Later on, bending or coiling may occur in untouched parts of the tendril as well.

 

13. Some plants have waxy leaves due to the presence of cutins. Which is a characteristic of cutin?

A. Liquid at room temperature

B. Is a hydropobhic substance

C. Similar to steroids

D. Short chain fatty acids

 

Answer: B

Rationale: Hydrophobicity is a property of a substance that repels water. This means lacking affinity for water, tending not to combine with water or incapable of dissolving in water. Hydrophobic materials are used to manage oil spills, remove oil from water and decrease corrosion rates. This is because they are waterproof, corrosion resistant and stable against inorganic and organic pollutants.

 

14. A vegetable grower is selecting good squash seeds that will surely

germinate. What is the usual practice?

 

A. Open and find out if it has cotyledon.

B. Press and get the hard one.

C. Place them in water and select those that sink.

D. Select those that float in water.

 

Answer: C

Rationale: Good seeds will sink to the bottom of the mix, while bad seeds will pulp float

 

15.    We should avoid indiscriminate

cutting of trees because:

A.      It loosens the soil and causes flooding

B.      We will run out of wood for building houses.

C.      It makes the forest dry

D.      It is the law.

 

Answer: A

Rationale: Flooding results in poor soil aeration because the supply of oxygen to flooded soil is severely limited. Oxygen deficiency is likely the most important environmental factor that triggers growth inhibition and injury in flooded plants.

 

16.    What type of joint is responsible for strengthening or bending our arms and legs?

A. Sliding

B. Hinge

C. Pivot

D. Ball and Socket

 

Answer: B

Rationale: A hinge is a mechanical bearing that connects two solid objects, typically allowing only a limited angle of rotation between them. Two objects connected by an ideal hinge rotate relative to each other about a fixed axis of rotation. Hinges may be made of flexible material or of moving components. Ball and socket e.g. hip and shoulder joints. Pivot e.g. atlantoaxial joint between the atlas and axis — neck. (=''Condyloid" joint) e.g. between radius, scaphoid and lunate bones — wrist. Saddle e.g. between trapezium and metacarpal I — thumb joint. Planar e.g. between the navicular and second cuniform-ankle.

 

 

17.    Which is the correct hierarchy of ecological organization?

A. Population, Ecosystem, Community, Biosphere

B. Population, Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community

C. Ecosystem, Population, Community, Biosphere

D. Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere

 

Answer: D

Rationale: Levels of organization in ecology include the population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere

 

 

18.    Pure water is neither acidic nor basic, that is, it is neutral. It has a pH of _____________.        

A. 4.1

B. 8,5

C. 7

D. 5

 

Answer: C

Rationale: pH is a measure of the amount of Hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. Ions are lust atoms that have an electric charge on them, so H+ is a hydrogen atom with charge of 1. Even in pure water ions tend to form due to random processes (producing some Hi- and OH-ions). The amount of H+ that is made in pure water is about equal to a pH of 7.

 

19.    In a hydrologic cycle, what processes must occur in order to complete the cycle?

 

A. Respiration and evaporation

B. Evaporation and sublimation

C. Condensation and sublimation

D. Evaporation and Condensation

 

Answer: D

Rationale: The hydrologic cycle begins with the evaporation of water from the surface of the ocean. As moist air is lifted, it cools and water vapor condenses to form clouds. Moisture is transported around the globe until it returns to the surface as precipitation. Once the water reaches the ground, one of two processes may occur; 1) some of the water may evaporate back into the atmosphere or 2) the water may penetrate the surface and become groundwater. Groundwater either seeps its way to into the oceans, rivers, and streams, or is released back into the atmosphere through transpiration. The balance of water that remains on the earth's surface is runoff, which empties into lakes, rivers and streams and is carried back to the oceans, where the cycle begins again.

 

20. Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

 

A. Whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism.

B. The presence or absorbance of a rigid cell wall.

C. The presence or absence of ribosomes.

D. Whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes.

 

Answer: D

Rationale: A eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Eukaryotes can be single-celled or multi-celled, such as you, me, plants, fungi, and insects. Bacteria are an example of prokaryotes. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.

 

21. Which is an effective method of preventing soil erosion from a hill?

 

A. Practice alternate  farming

B. Avoid frequent watering

C. Avoid planting cover crops

D. Practice contour plowing

 

Answer: D

Rationale: Contour plowing conserves soil by following the lay of the land and creating ridges that form a water break to prevent soil erosion. Furrows that do not follow the lay of the land cause rapid runoff during rainfall by forming a convenient channel for the water to flow downhill.

 

22. Given a group of organism, which among them can be considered a population?

A. Ants in an anthill during  summer

B. Frogs caught in a certain rice field

C. Tilapia being cultured in  a pond

D. Birds egg that hatches in an aviary

 

Answer: A

Rationale: A population is the number of living things that live together in the same place. A city's population is the number of people living in that city. These people are called inhabitants or residents. The population includes all individuals that live in that certain area.

 

 

 

23. Which sites of cellular respiration are considered the "powerhouse" of eukaryotic cells?         

A. Golgi bodies 

B. Ribosome      

C. Endoplasmic reticulum  

D. Mitochondria

 

Answer: D

Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell. The biochemical processes of the cell are known as cellular respiration.

 

24. What is the composition of the core of the earth?

A. Oxygen and silicon         

B. Silicon and iron     

C. Iron and nickel       

D. Nickel and magnesium   

 

Answer: C

Rationale: The Earth's core is made up primarily of the metals nickel and

iron. The inner core is mostly iron, while the outer core is composed of both nickel and iron.

 

 

25. During germination, what gas is needed most by the spouting seeds?

A. Nitrogen       

B. Oxygen

C. Hydrogen

D. Carbon dioxide

 

Answer: B

Rationale: Seeds needs oxygen to germinate, so are best started in a light,

loose soil that will not compact, get soggy, or crust over.

 

 

 

26. After fertilization which part of the flower develops into a fruit?

A. Corolla

B. Stigma 

C. Ovary   

D. Receptacle    

 

Answer: C

Rationale: The fruit of any flower is the ripened ovary of the flower. The ovary contains seeds, and after the plant is fertilized, the fruit begins to grow around the seeds, protecting them.

 

 

27. Mammals are vertebrates with mammary glands, Which of the following does not have mammary glands?

A. Dolphin        

B. Shark   

C. Whale

D. Dog

 

Answer: B

Rationale: A shark is not considered a mammal. Sharks are considered members of the paraphyletic group of organisms that contain gills, or in other words, fish.

 

28. Which of these is NOT an insect?

A. Louse

B. Giant ant

C. Cockroach

D. Scorpion

 

Answer: D

Rationale:

Scorpions are predatory arachnids of the order Scorpiones. They have eight legs and are easily recognized by the pair of grasping pedipalps and the narrow, segmented tail, often carried in a characteristic forward curve over the back, ending with a venomous stinger.

 

29. What is the structural adaptation of birds that enables them to fly at high altitudes easily at less effort?

A. Sight is well developing

B. They use strong limbs

C. They are covered with feathers

D. Their bones are porous

 

Answer: D

Rationale: A bird's breastbone, or sternum, is shaped like a keel to attach the powerful wing muscles. The bones of a bird's wings are surprisingly small compared to the size of the wing. All the bones and muscles of the wing are in the front and covered with feathers that protect and streamline the wing. The actual flight feathers are attached to the wing within little pits in the bones.

 

30. What is the outstanding characteristic among mammals that are preyed upon by other mammals for food?

 

A.      Help in searching for food

B.      Have claws on both feet

C.      Able to detect danger

D.      Possess eyes on both

sides of the head

 

Answer: C

Rationale: Mammals are able to detect danger with the aid of their nose, eyes and ears.


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