1. Following Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, what is the moral reasoning or perspective of Joy who allows her classmate to copy her test work, so that she will be her friend?
A. Social
approval
B. Punishment
C. Obedience
D. Law
and order
Rationale:
|
Level
I: Pre-conventional |
Authority figures are obeyed |
|
Stage
1 - Punishment and Obedience |
|
|
Stage
2 - Instrumental Relativist |
|
|
Level
II: Conventional |
Cordial interpersonal relationships are
maintained |
|
Stage
3 - Interpersonal Concordance |
|
|
Stage
4 - Law and Order
Orientation |
|
|
Level
Ill - Post- Conventional |
Individual
understands the morality
of having democratically established
laws |
|
Stage
5—Social Contract |
|
|
Stage
6— Universal Ethics
Orientation |
2. A worried mother of two said that she's
afraid her baby is
experiencing separation anxiety. Which of
the following is a manifestation of separation anxiety?
A. The play ceases after a parent leaves
them
B. The infant knows his mother is existing
even if he does not see her
C. The child knows that 1 Liter of water
inside a pitcher will remain 1 Liter even after transferring it to a bigger
container
D. All of the above
Answer: A
Rationale: Symptoms of separation anxiety includes a baby crying when a parent leaves the room; their play may cease after a parent leaves them, they creep or walk or try to follow.
3. In Piaget's Concrete- Operational stage
of cognitive development, which refers to the ability to order or arrange
things logically according to dimension such as weight, volume, or size?
A. Conservation
B. Reversibility
C. Decentering
D. Seriation
Answer: D
Rationale: Conservation tasks test a
child's ability to see that some properties are conserved or invariant after an
object undergoes physical transformation. Reversibility takes
conservation one step further. Children capable of conservation appreciate that
an object's quality is not altered simply by transforming how that object
appears. Children capable of reversibility appreciate that if an object's
quality is altered through some true subtraction or addition, the object's
original quality can be restored by reversing the alteration. They demonstrate
reversibility when they appreciate that when Mom puts one of the apples in her
pocket that an actual transformation of the quantity of apples on the table has
occurred, which can be reversed by Mom taking the apple back out of her pocket
and returning it to the table. Decentration involves the ability to pay
attention to multiple attributes of an object or situation rather than being
locked into attending to only a single attribute. When children are asked to
compare the volume of juice in two glasses, it is their ability to decentrate
that enables them to flexibly consider both the height and the width of the
glasses in arriving at their decision. Seriation is another new ability
gained during this stage, and refers to the child's ability to order objects
with respect to a common property. A simple example of this would be placing a
number of sticks in order of height.
4. The learner should be biologically
prepared applies to the law of
A. Readiness
B. Exercise
C. Effect
D. Practice
Answer: A
Rationale: Biologically
prepared here refers to the particular age level that a child can or exhibit a
particular behavior expected of him/her.
5. Which of the following statements will
not support the concept of individual differences?
A. Use varied activities for a difficult
lesson
B. involve all students regardless of what
the activity is
C. Consider the uniqueness of each student
D. Help should be extended only to
retarded learner/ students
Answer: D
Rationale: Helping both the
gifted and retarded learners/students is also considered as recognizing
individual differences. Though some students are gifted, somehow they also need
help in other aspects of development.
6. Mr. David would like to improve the
abilities of the students to solve more complex problems. What must Mr. David
do?
A. Correct wrong answers all the time
B. increase practice with simple problems
C. Reduce stimulation so as to increase
attention to the task
D. Problems match appropriately to
student's level of thinking
Answer: D
Rationale: The teacher may
help the students improve the abilities of his students by matching the
problems with these students level of thinking. All other options do not
guarantee student improvement.
7. The quantitative increase in the length or size of an individual is defined as:
A. Learning
B. Development
C. Growth
D. Maturation
Answer: C
Rationale: Growth refers to
the quantitative changes that are observable
to humans which include growth is size and
shape.
8. Which situation best illustrates the
concept of growth?
A. A kinder pupil gains 2 pounds within
two months
B. A high school student gets a score of
85 in a mental ability test
C. An education student has gained
knowledge on approaches and strategies in teaching different subjects
D. An
elementary grader has learned to play piano
Answer: A
Rationale: The concept of growth refers to
the progressive increase and continuous advancement of child from birth to
maturity.
9. Which statement below best describes
development?
A. A high school student's height
increased from 5'2" to 5'4"
B. A high school student's change in
weight from 110Ibs to 125 lbs
C. A student had learned to operate the
computer
D. A student's enlargement of hips
Answer: C
Rationale: Development is
the process in the life of a human being by which the individual's
potentialities unfold and appear.
10. What concept can best describe Francisco's
ability to walk without a support at age of 12 months old because of the
internal ripening that occurred in his muscles, bones and nervous system?
A. Development
B, Growth
C. Learning
D. Maturation
Answer D
Rationale: Maturation refers
to the state of the body and its readiness for the behavior. One example is
having mastered a developmental milestone due to internal ripening.
11. Teacher Jesus is now 69 years old.
He has been observing changes in him such
as the aging process.
Which term refers to the development
change in the individual?
A. Learning
B. Development
C. Growth
D. Maturation
Answer: D
Rationale: Maturation refers
to the state of body and its readiness for behavior.
12. A student knows that the examination
week is approaching, but instead of studying, he chose to spend his time
playing computer games. On the examination day itself, he opted to pray for
miracles rather than studying. Which attitude towards religion is displayed?
A. Religions
as authentic
B. Religion
as fake
C. Religion
as magic
D. Religion
as real
Answer: C
Rationale: The particular
scenario shows the attitude of the child regarding religion as magic. The child
thought that his prayer will create miracle and will make him pass the exam.
13. In Piaget's concrete operational stage,
a teacher should provide.
A. Activities for hypothesis formulation
B. Learning activities that involve
problems of classification and order
C. Activities for evaluation purposes
D. Stimulating environment with ample
objects to play with
Answer: B
Rationale: A child in the
concrete operational stage (age 7-11) needs skills in classification and order
which requires appropriate use of logic.
14. A student is finding it hard to read.
When the guidance counselor traced the child's history, the counselor was able
to find out that the student came from a dysfunctional family, aside from that,
the child was abused and neglected. What could have caused the student's
reading disability?
A. Emotional factors
B. Poor teaching
C. Neurological factors
D. Immaturity
Answer: A
Rationale: Reading
disability was found to be related with emotional factors. Therefore, a child
,who is neglected and abused has a higher chance of having difficulty gaining
reading skills
15. A child was punished for cheating in
an exam. For sure the child won't cheat again in short span of time, but this
does not guarantee that the child won't cheat ever again. Based on Thorndike's
theory on punishment and learning, this shows that:
A. Punishment strengthens a response
B. Punishment removes response
C. Punishment doesn't remove a response
D. Punishment weakens a Response
Answer: D
Rationale: punishment does
not permanently remove a response from a child's repertoire of behavior,
instead it only weakens it
16. Laughing at a two-year-old child who
uttered a bad word is not a proper thing to do because in this stage of the
child's life, the child is
A. Considering the views of others
B. Distinguishing sex differences
C. Socializing
D. Distinguishing right from wrong
Answer: D
Rationale: A two year old
child is learning what is right and wrong and therefore laughing at him when
he/she utters bad word is not a good practice since he/ she might consider it
as an approval of his/her behavior.
17. "Men are built, not born."
This quotation by John Watson states that
A. The ineffectiveness of training on a
person's development
B. The effect of environmental stimulation
on a person's development
C. The absence of genetic influence on a
person's development
D. The effect of heredity
Answer: B
Rationale: John Watson
believes that environmental stimulation is directly affecting a person's
development that's why he was quoted saying "Men are built and not
born."
18. A child who is cold towards the people
around him might have failed to attain what basic goal based on Erikson's
theory on psychosocial development?
A. Autonomy
B. Trust
C. Initiative
D. Mistrust
Answer B
Rationale: According to
Psychosocial Development Theory of Erikson, a child who is cold towards people
around him failed in the basic goal of trust. A child who exhibits this kind of
behavior might have lacked the warmth of mother's embrace and affection from
significant others.
19. A boy is closer to his mother and a
girl is closer to her father. These instances are under
A. Oedipal complex
B. Latent stage
C. Phallic stage
D. Pre-genital stage
Answer: C
Rationale: When a boy is
closer to the mother (Oedipus complex) and a girl is closer to her father
(Elektra complex), these instances are under Freud's phallic stage in the
psychosexual development theory.
20. A grade 1 pupil likes to play with his
friends, but gets angry when defeated. Piaget's theory states that this pupil
is under what development stage?
A. Concrete operational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Formal operational
D. Pre-operational
Answer: D
Rationale: Pre-operation
stage according to Piaget is characterized by egocentrism
21. If one is asked to develop himself to
the fullest, what need is he trying to satisfy according to the Maslow's
hierarchy of needs?
A. Safety needs
B. Physiological needs
C. Belongingness
D. Self-actualization
Answer: D
Rationale: According to
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, the highest among the need is self-actualization,
wherein the person strives to develop himself to his full potentials
22. Fear of something that was caused by a
painful experience in the past is an example of
A. Insight
B. Classical conditioning
C. Operant conditioning
D. Imitation
Answer: B
Rationale: Classical
conditioning explains why fear of something is caused by a painful experience
in the past. For example, the person is afraid of dogs because he was run after
by a big dog when he was small.
23. A teacher rewards a child for doing things coy. This technique is called
A. Conditioning
B. Fading
C. Chaining
D. Reinforcement
Answer: D
Rationale: Reinforcement is
any behavioral consequence that strengthens behavior, It increases the
likelihood of the recurrence of a particular type of response.
24.
Erikson said that children aged 3-5 is most likely
A. Mischievous
B. Egocentric
C. Lazy
D. Altruistic
Answer: B
Rationale: Children aged 3-5 are
characterized by Egocentrism according to Erikson. It denotes a tendency of a
child to only think from her or his point of view.
25. Erikson labeled children who are two
years of age as "terrible two" because
A. They are inquisitive
B. They are sickly
C. They are playful
D. They are assertive
Answer: D
Rationale: 'Terrible
two" according to Erikson denotes assertiveness of children at this age
and one of our skills during the "Terrible Two's" is our ability to
use the powerful word "No!' It may be pain for parents, but it develops
the important skills of the will.
26. A person who is friendly and has a
capacity to make people laugh possesses:
A. Naturalistic intelligence
B. Spatial intelligence
C. Intrapersonal intelligence
D. Interpersonal intelligence
Answer: D
Rationale: A friendly person
and has a capacity to make people laugh is a manifestation of interpersonal
intelligence. Interpersonal intelligence is also characterized by
"people-oriented ness" skills. Naturalistic intelligence is for
nature smart, spatial for spaces, and intrapersonal is self-smart.
27. A child who always fight with his/her
classmates, who has a very short attention span, and who has frequent tantrums
is believed to be suffering from
A. Mental retardation
B. Down syndrome
C. AOHD
D. Learning disability
Answer: C
Rationale: Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder is characterized by short attention span, irritability,
frequent tantrums, disregard for consequence and overly active behavior.
28. A student with Attention Deficit Disorder
exhibits:
A. Care for his personal things
B. Impatient while waiting for his turn
during games
C. Completes work before shifting to
another
D. Excessively quiet
Answer: B
Rationale: Attention Deficit
Disorder is usually characterized by impatience to wait for his turn during
games. He would most of the time show disregard rules and show inability to
delay gratification
29. A child treats his friends highly aggressive.
The reason behind this attitude is his past experiences with his father who is
also highly aggressive. This is demonstrated on what theory?
A. Social cognitive theory
B. Cognitive developmental theory
C. Operant conditioning
D. Classical conditioning
Answer: A
Rationale: The situation
demonstrates Social Cognitive Theory which posits that a child learns from what
he observes in the environment. Since the child is exposed to aggression, it is
not surprising that he/she exhibits the same aggression towards classmates.
30. Based on Jung's psychological theory,
a child who is shy and prefers to be alone falls under what classification?
A. Extrovert
B. Ambivert
C. Paranoid
D. Introvert
Answer: C
Rationale: Carl Jung
outlined some personality types, one of which is "Introvert' which is
exemplified by being shy and prefers to do things alone. Extrovert is the
opposite of introvert.