Discussion
Era: Pre-Colonial
Year: Before 1565
General Condition: The Philippines is composed of
different barangay in Luzon and in Visayas while in Mindanao and some part of
Manila had Sultanate. Each barangay had autonomy and to avoid being annexed to
other big barangay, they created confederation. Hence there is no centralized
government which govern the barangays. The economy is subsistence and the trading
system is barter.
Terms to remember:
1. Datu-
the chief executive, the head of the legislative and the highest judge in the
judiciary in the baranganic society.
2. Sultan-
the chief executive, the head of the legislative and the highest judge in the judiciary
in the sultanate.
3. Umalohocan-
the town crier or the announcer of the new laws
4. Maginoo-
the council of elders who assisted the datu in making laws
5. Babaylan-
the lady priest in Visayas
6. Catalonan-
the lady priest in Luzon
7. Barter-
the product to product exchange and means of trading
8. Maharlika-
the highest social class, tax exempted and the ruling class
9. Timawa-the
middle class and the taxpayers
10. Alipin or
Oripun- the lowest social class and the social class of the workers
Era: Spanish Era
Year: 1565 to 1898
General Conditions: The Spaniards unified the
different islands under a centralized
government. The main goals for colonization can be
summarized to 3G or God, Gold and Glory. Since based on their observations, the
natives are religious, they Catholicism as means of colonization and
pacification. They imposed different policies which transform the subsistence
economy to feudalism. The inter-marriage of the Spaniards to the natives
resulted to the emergence of the creoles who will encourage the Indios to unite
and end the Spanish
Dominance in the Philippines.
Terms to remember:
1. Treaty
of Tordesillas- the treaty which divided the earth for exploration for Portugal
and Spain. The western part belongs to Spain while the eastern part was given
to Portugal
2. Ferdinand
Magellan- the leader of the Spanish expedition, which was able to reach Homonhon,
Samar and proven that the earth is a sphere.
3. Humabon-
the rajah of Cebu who welcome Magellan
4. Limasawa-
the venue of the first mass (March 31, 1521)
5. Battle
of Mactan- the battle headed by Lapulapu and the first triumph of the Asians against
the Western powers (April 27, 1521)
6. Ruy
Lopez de Villalobos- the leader of the 4th expedition who named our country as
Las
1. Islas
de Felipinas to honored king Felipe of Spain
7. Miguel
Lopez de Legaspi- the first Spanish governor general in the Philippines and
also known as Adelantado de Filipino
8. Enconmienda-
the system of land owning
9. Polo
Y Servicios- the forced labor imposed to male 16 to 60 years old. The polistas
are obliged to render their service for 40 days. However the people who can
afford to pay for Falla can be exempted.
10. Galleon
Trade- the trading initiated by the Spanish government. The trading route is limited to Manila, Philippines and Acapulco,
Spain. Since this is monopoly in terms of trading only the people who can
afford to pay Boleta or ticket for the Galleon can join the international
trading.
11. Governor
General- the highest executive official in the country, appointed by the
2. Viceroy.
He had the power of cumplace or the power of the governor general to
3. choose
the laws that he will implement in the country. He also had the fiscal power
4. and
power to grant pardon.
12. Alcalde
Mayor-the head of the province and appointed from the gobernadorcillos.
13. Gobernadorcillos-
the head of the town or pueblo. The only elected position in the country.
14. Cabeza de
Barangay- the head of the barangay
15. Royal
Audiencia- the Supreme Court during the Spanish Era
16. Peninsulares-the
highest social class, the Spanish born in Spain
17. Insulares-
the Spanish born in the Philippines
18. Creoles-
the mixed blood
19. Illustrado-
the well-educated Filipinos
20. Indio- the
Natives
21. Pedro
Pelaez- the Father of Secularization
22. La
Solidaridad- the newspaper founded by the Filipinos in Madrid
23. La Liga
Filipina- the civic society founded by Jose Rizal which aimed for Unity, Reform
and Equality.
24. KKK- the
secret society founded by Andres Bonifacio which aimed for independence of the
Philippines
25. Kartilya-
the code of conduct of the Katipuneros
26. Kalayaan-
the newspaper of KKK
27. Emilio
Jacinto- the brain of KKK
28. Apolinario
Mabini- the brain of Revolution
29. Mariano
Alvarez- the head of the Magdiwang faction of KKK
30. Baldomero
Aguinaldo- the head of the Magdalo Faction of KKK
31. Treaty of
Biak na Bato – the treaty which ended the Filipino-Spanish war and the voluntary
exile of Emilio Aguinaldo to Hongkong after the payment of 400, 000 Mexican
peso.
Significant Dates:
1. March
16, 1521 – The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan and his troops in Homonhon, Eastern,
Samar.
2. March
31, 1521 – The first Mass in the country
3. April
27, 1521 – The Battle of Mactan
4. February
3, 1565 – The arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legaspi in Cebu
5. Jan
20, 1872- The Cavite Mutiny
6. February
17, 1872 – the Execution of Gomburza
7. July
3, 1892- The Founding of La Liga Filipina
8. July
7, 1892 – The Founding of KKK
9. August
19, 1896- The discovery of KKK
10. August 23,
1896- The start of Philippine Revolution
11. December
30, 1896 – The execution of Dr. Jose Rizal
12. March 22,
1897- The Tejeros Convention
13. May 10,
1897- The Execution of Andres Bonifacio
14. Dec 15,
1897- The Treaty of Biak na Bato
Era: American Era
Year: 1898- 1946
General Conditions: The American was able to
intercede in Filipino- Spanish war and became one of the world powers in the
20th century. The new colonizer used education and local government as an
instrument of pacification under their Benevolent assimilation principle. They created
different infrastructures and made the Philippines as the center of trade and commerce
in the Pacific. However, they also imposed different rules which will create a dominant
impact to the country even after gaining independence in July 4, 1946.
Terms to Remember:
1. William
Mckinley- the President of United States during their colonization
2. William
Howard Taft- the First American Civil Governor in the Philippines and the architect
of US colonization.
3. Treaty
of Paris- the treaty which ceded the Philippines to Americans
4. Thomasites-
the American trained teachers
5. Reconcentration
Act- the policy imposed by the Americans which created zone for the Filipino
communities for easy administration
6. Payne
Aldrich Act- the trading law in 1909 which implemented partial free trade between
the Philippines and the Americans.
7. Jones
Act of 1916 – The law which transform the legislative body into Bicameral
1. legislature,
thus it created the senate.
8. Cayetano
Arellano- The first Filipino Chief Justice
9. Underwood
Simmons- the trading law in 1913 which implemented full free trade between the
Philippines and the Americans.
10. Francis
Burton Harrison- the Pro Filipino American Civil Governor
11. Hare-
Haws- Cutting Law- the Independence bill resulted from the OSROX Mission.
12. Tydings
Mcduffie Law- the Independence law which gave the Philippines a partial independence
from the Americans. It also leads to the creation of commonwealth government.
13. Macario
Sakay- The founder of the Republikang Tagalog and one of the last generals to surrender
to the Americans.
Significant Events
1. 1.May
1, 1898- The Battle of Manila Bay
2. June
12, 1898- The Declaration of Independence against Spain
3. September
15, 1898- Malolos Congress
4. 4.December
10, 1898- Ratification of Treaty of Paris
5. February
4, 1899- San Juan del Monte Incident, Start of US-Philippine War
6. 6.June
5, 1899 Death of Gen. Antonio Luna
7. 7.December
2, 1899- Battle of Pasong Tirad
8. 8.March
23, 1901- Captivity of Emilio Aguinaldo
Era: Japanese Era
Year: 1942-1945
General Conditions: The Second World War started in 1939
when Adolf Hitler invaded Poland. The Pacific became part of WWII after the
invasion of Japan to Pearl Harbor and Manila. The Allied Powers became active
in freeing Europe from the Axis Powers, so the American forces leave the
Philippines for almost three years. In the midst of war, the Filipino continue
their loyalty to the American. And this resulted to the destruction of the
infrastructures and death of many Filipinos.
Terms to Remember:
1. Gen.
Doughlas MacArthur – the field Marshall of the USAFFE
2. Manuel
L/ Quezon- the president of Commonwealth government during the WWII
3. Axis
Powers- Japan, Germany and Italy
4. Alied
Powers- Great Britain, France, USSR and USA
5. Pearl
Harbor- the biggest military bases of the Americans in the Pacific
6. Jose
P. Laurel – The President of the Second Republic
7. Kalibapi-
Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas, the only political party in the Philippines
during the Japanese Era
8. Kempeitai-
The Japanese Military Police
9. Corregidor-
The last US military Bases in Asia to surrender to the Japanese
10. Jonathan
Wainright- the head of the US forces in Corregidor when they surrender to Japanese
forces.
Important Dates:
1.
December 7, 1941- The bombing of Pearl Harbor
2.
December 8, 1941- The invasion of Manila, Manila
declared as Open City
3.
April 9, 1942- The fall of Bataan
1. 4.May
6, 1942- The Fall of Corregidor
4.
January 23, 1943- The Second Republic
2. 6.October
20, 1944- The Leyte Landing, the return of Douglas Mac Arthur
3. 7.
August 6, 1945- Bombing of Hiroshima
9. August
9, 1945- Bombing of Naagasaki
10. August 15,
1945- The surrender of Japan