The school's cognitive purpose is to teach the basic cognitive skills such as reading, writing, and speaking.
The school's political purpose is the inculcation of patriotism or loyalty to the existing political order.
The school's social purpose is concerned with the socialization of citizens into their various roles in society.
The school's economic purpose involves the training and preparation citizens for the world of work.
Along the aim towards labor for integrity, industry skills and orientation must to be taught to future employees and employees in the 21st century workplace.
School networking with business and industry is the intervention directly aimed at responding to the transitional gap between academic achievement and employment.
Adopting innovative technology that allows teachers even in remote areas to access educational materials to supplement their lessons is the strongest influence of the geographical factor in the efficient and effective management of schools as agents of change.
Status is the position a person holds within a social structure; these determine your "place" in groups and society.
An ascribed status is a position in social structure that is beyond an individual's control. It is not earned, but rather is something people are either born with or had no control over.
Gender, ethnicity, age are examples of ascribed status.
An achieved status is a position in social structure that is acquired on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen and reflects a person's skills, abilities, and efforts.
Profession, occupation, relationship status and hobbies are examples of achieved status.
Role is the expected behavior associated with a particular status, including rights and obligations.
Social mobility refers to the ability to change positions within a social stratification system. The types of mobilities are independent of one another and can often overlap.
Horizontal mobility occurs when a person changes their occupation but their overall social standing remains unchanged. It is the movement from one position to another within the same social level, as when someone changes between two equally prestigious occupations.
Vertical mobility refers to a change in the occupational, political, or religious status of a person that causes a change in their societal position. It is the movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socioeconomic level to another, often by changing jobs or through marriage.
Inter-generational mobility happens when the social position changes from one generation to another; such as when children attain a higher or lower status than their parents held. For example, a father worked in a factory while his son received an education that allowed him to become a lawyer or a doctor.
The intra-generational mobility occurs when there is a change in societal position within an individual's lifetime. For example, an individual starts their career as a clerk and through their life moves on to a senior position such as a director.
A group can be defined as a unit in which different personalities with different interdependent roles and status interact.
A crowd is a type of group wherein members act together on the basis of a shared emotion and feelings, as in religious revival meetings, revolutionary mob or a panic.
An audience or mass is a type of group wherein members act together on the basis of common attitudes without interaction among members; like people at film showing.
An integrated group is a type of group wherein members have common action with shared meanings and values.
A public is a type of group referring to a number of people in some form of community who have common interest but do not necessarily come to a common agreement.
Nuclear, extended, blended family are the types of family according to size and structure.
The nuclear family is also known as the conjugal family or family of procreation. Nuclear families are comprised of married partners and their offspring.
The extended family is a family that includes in one household near relatives (such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles) in addition to a nuclear family.
A blended family, also called a step family, is formed when divorced or widowed parents who have children marry.
On the basis of residence family may be classified into patrilocal, matrillocal, bilocal and neolocal family.
The family in which after marriage wife comes to reside in the family of her husband is known as patrilocal family.
The family in which after marriage husband comes to reside in the family of her wife is known as matrilocal family.
In a bilocal type of family, after marriage the married couple change their residence alternatively. Sometimes wife joins in her husband's house while at some other times husband resides in wife's house.
After marriage, the newly married couple establish a new family independent of their parents and settled at a new place. This type of family is known as neolocal family.
On the basis of power and authority family may be classified into patriarchal, matriarchal and egalitarian family.
The family in which all the power remains in the hands of patriarch or father is known as patriarchal family.
In a matriarchal family, power or authority rests on the eldest female member of the family especially the wife or mother.
The family in which power and authority are equally shared between husband and wife is called as egalitarian family.
On the basis of marriage practices sociologist has classified family into monogamous and polygamous family.
A monogamous family consists of a husband and his wife. Under this type of family system neither husband nor wife is allowed to have more than one spouse at a time. Both of them are also prohibited to have extra-marital relationship.
The polygamous family is based on polygamy system of marriage. As in polygamy, one man marries more than one woman and vice-versa. Hence two types of family system is found to exist such as polyandrous and polygynous family.
A polyandrous family is based on polyandry system of marriage in which one woman marries more than one man at a time. Accordingly polyandrous family consists of one woman and her several husband.
A polygynous family is a type of family based on polygyny system of marriage - one man is allowed to marry more than one wife at a time. Accordingly a polygynous family consists of a husband and his several wives and their children.
Socialization is a process by which social norms, roles and expectations are learned and internalized.
Gender Socialization is a process by which norms, roles and expectation in relation to gender are learned by men and women.
Gender Stereotype a form of prejudgment, bias or limitation given to roles and expectations of male and females.
Gender and Development or GAD is an approach on socially constructed basis of the difference between men and women and emphasized the need to challenge the existing gender roles and relations.
Principle of Formal Cooperation occurs when someone intentionally helps another person carry out a sinful act.
Principle of Material Cooperation occurs when a person's actions unintentionally help another person do something wrong.
Principle of Lesser Evil is the principle that when faced with selecting from two immoral options, the one which is least immoral should be chosen.
Principle of Double Effect is the principle that aims to provide specific guidelines for determining when it is morally permissible to perform an action in pursuit of a good end in full knowledge that the action will also bring about bad results.
Conscience is the act by which we apply to our own conduct our knowledge of good and evil, whether our judgment be correct or incorrect.
Callous is a type of moral attitude when one is not feeling or showing any concern about the problems and suffering of other people.
Strict moral attitude is exhibited when one chooses the hardest way to do something.
Pharisaical moral attitude is marked by INSINCERE self-righteousness.
Scrupulous moral attitude involves one who is being overly critical of himself. Such a person always has a fear of sinning when there is no sin, or is in constant doubt, and/or is in fear of committing a mortal sin; tends to see sins when there is none.
Lax moral attitude is exhibited when one fails to see a sin when actually there is one, tends to minimize its seriousness.
Certain degree of moral certitude happens when the judgment about the goodness or evil of a particular action is made without the fear of being mistaken.
Doubtful/Probable degree of moral certitude happens when there is a suspension of judgment on the moral goodness or evil of action because the intellect cannot see clearly whether it is good or bad.
Perplexed degree of moral certitude happens when one is compelled to choose between two evils.
Barbara is in constant fear and unnecessarily condemns herself for sins that she believes she has committed, even after trying to live a perfectly blameless life and doing everything to make up and atone for whatever sins she has committed. As such, she is said to have a scrupulous conscience.
Jeffrey grew up in a violent environment. He became a leader of a gang and eventually a gun for hire group and a drug syndicate. He could kill and harm anybody without the slightest remorse or guilt. He has a callous conscience.
The principle of double effect justifies euthanasia.
Objective moral consciousness happens when the intellect's dictate on the goodness or evil of an intended or performed action coincides with the truth.
Correct moral consciousness is when one testifies, judges and approves in accordance with the objective law as it truly is.
Culpability of moral consciousness is the degree to which a person can be held responsible if he causes a negative event and the act was intentional. If the act and its consequences could have been controlled, the agent knows the likely consequences and that he provides no excuse or justification for the actions.
Erroneous moral consciousness happens when one dictates falsely, contrary to objective and binding law- through ignorance to that law; moral conscience that remains in ignorance.
Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory; it is the view that an action is morally right if it produces at least as much good (utility) for all people affected by the action as any alternative action that could be done instead.
Ethical hedonism is the view that our fundamental moral obligation is to maximize pleasure or happiness.
Epicureanism teaches that the greatest good is to seek modest pleasures in order to attain a state of tranquility, freedom from fear, and absence from bodily pain.
Altruism is an ethical doctrine that holds that the
moral value of an individual's actions depend solely on the impact on other
individuals, regardless of the consequences on the individual itself.
The Four Pillars of Education form the basis for the UNESCO report Learning: The Treasure Within published in 1966.
Learning to know includes the development of the faculties of memory, imagination, reasoning, problem-solving, and the ability to think in a coherent and critical way.
Learning to do is closely linked to vocational-technical education and work skills training. Learning to live together implies an education that emphasizes discovery of others and experience of shared purposes throughout life.
Learning to be is based on the principle that the aim of development is the complete fulfilment of man, in all the richness of his personality, the complexity of his forms of expression and his various commitments.
The pillar learning to live together best describes
the phrase "Unity in Diversity."
"Learning to learn" is best seen in an individual's skill to process and select information.
Interdependence best described people of the world learning to live together in peace and harmony through understanding of each other's history, traditions and spiritual values.
With the Transparency International's perception that the Philippines suffers a cultural malaise of corruption, the ethical-spiritual component of our character needs to be further developed along the Learning to Be pillar of education in the 21st century.
Peace Education is education which empowers people with the skills, attitudes, and knowledge to build, maintain and restore relationships at all levels of human interaction.
Transformative Education is an educational process that bring about deep and significant changes (for the better) in an individual and ultimately culminates in similar changes at the societal level, principally brought about through innovative and creative teaching and learning, curriculum reform and appropriate policy at the school level.
Global Education involves learning about those problems and issues which cut across national boundaries and about the interconnectedness of systems cultural, ecological, economic, political and technological.
Inclusive Education is an education based on the right of all learners to quality education that meets basic learning needs and enriches lives. An inclusive curriculum treats knowledge and experience of women, racial groups and ethnic groups as being just as valid and relevant as the knowledge of dominant groups in mainstream academic discourse.
Alternative Education is a non-traditional type of approach to education based on the belief that there are many varied pathways to become educated in many types of educational environments and settings, and utilizing different, variety of structures. It describes different approaches to teaching and learning other than state-provided mainstream education, usually in the form of public or private schools with a special often innovative curriculum and a flexible program of study which is based to a large extent on the individual student's interests and needs.
Development Education strives for quality of economic, social, and political development in all countries; fairness in relationship between and within countries; equitable and meaningful linkages between developed and developing countries.
Multicultural Education emphasizes oneself and others through the exploration of concepts of cultural diversity, similarities, prejudices, and cultural understanding. Developing tolerance is a key value in learning to live together in harmony.
Human Rights Education promotes understanding of human rights concept and values to enable learners to comprehend and transform conditions which give rise to human rights violations and exalts dignity and worth of the human person.
Civic/Citizenship Education focuses on the study of the basic concepts, beliefs and values underlying our democratic political community and constitutional order. It is an important means for capacity development on the societal level by empowering people with civic knowledge, skills and dispositions for effective civic engagement.
Environmental Education rethinks human-earth relationships, fosters a vision of education for sustainable development, promotes care for the environment and builds a global culture of ecological responsibility.
Transformative learning is the idea that learners who are getting new information are also evaluating their past ideas and understanding, and are shifting their very worldview as they obtain new information and through critical reflection.
Gender Studies promotes gender equality and harnessing the role of women in development.
When a person shows the ability to understand and appreciate the similarities and differences in customs, values, and beliefs in one's culture, he/she is said to possess multi-cultural literacy.
Civic culture is a type of political culture where citizens view their active involvement in politics as both desirable and effective.
Lifelong education for all is the key features of the 21st century education.
A global teacher is able to teach learners from diverse groups and cultures.
The inability to forgive runs against the Filipino family value of sacrifice.
DepEd's A Child- and Community-Centered Education System (ACCES) describes the learner-centered education that teachers ought to provide. Ethnocentric does NOT describe learner-centered education.
DepEd's A Child- and Community-Centered Education System (ACCES) describes the learner-centered education that teachers ought to provide. Exclusive does NOT describe learner-centered education.
Innovations to enhance learning for all types of learners is a quality of engaging environment most reflective of education for all (EFA).
To survive in the global community and in the 21st century, one must be a digital expert.
Owing to issues in friendship, family ties, gender rights, etc., Social Science is a value- rich subject that provides a wide opportunity for value formation of learners.
The pinning of veil around the bride and the groom, the exchange of rings, and the releasing of doves during wedding ceremonies show that culture is symbolic.
Resignation to mediocrity best describes "pwede na” mentality vs. excellence in service/work.
The observation that students from poor families have higher risks of failing and dropping from school attest to the research findings that student's motivation may vary according to socio-economic background.
Teachers should regard new trends and reforms in education as an opportunity.
From global competence as defined by international educators, open-mindedness to new culture is the MOST appropriate characteristic of a globally competent individual.
One of the principles of learners says that "Each learner approaches the world in many ways." This can be applied in a multicultural classroom by giving varied learning experiences.
Social norms develop the "good" life. In the society, prosperity is the LEAST important to the consideration of a "good life" for all.
Social adjustment means the ability to behave in accordance with the social expectations.
When household's tasks are typecast as the female's responsibility, gender stereotype is reinforces in classroom management.
Under the 21st Century Life and Career Skills, flexibility and adaptability enables a person to respond to the change of modernity.
The teacher would like to focus on "WELLNESS" which needs to be developed among individual learners and so she gives focus on vital values.
Universal values are values that apply to the whole
humanity as taught by the great teachers, such as Buddha, Lao Tzu, Jesus and
the like.