PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION PRACTICE DRILLS Part 2

 1.    Mrs. Manuel, the Principal of Bagong Barrio Elementary School invited the Brgy. Captain in the school to solicit inputs for a new curriculum in Social Science which highlights indigenous knowledge in the community. What is shown in this situation?

 

a.    Community members as supporters of curriculum

b.    Community members as curriculum resources

c.    Community members as managers of curriculum

d.    Community members as beneficiaries of curriculum

 

2.    Teacher Bert puts emphasis on the immediate felt interests and needs of his students and not on the anticipated needs and interests. What type of curriculum does teacher Bert adheres?

 

a.    Subject-centered

b.    Learner-centered

c.    Experience-centered

d.    Culture-based

 

3.    Markel prepares his school research works using computer to submit his requirements on time. Does the computer make him productive and efficient? Why?

i.     Yes, because it can generate its own data.

ii.    Yes, because it can make one‘s work easier.

iii.    Yes, because it can perform tasks fast and accurately.

 

a.    I and II

b.    I and III

c.    II and III

d.    I, II and III

 

4.    What type of curriculum divides the school day into different periods such as language arts, social studies, science and health, arithmetic, etc.?

 

a.    Correlated

b.    Broad fields

c.    Integrated

d.    Separate Subject

 

5.    Which curriculum design element is taking place when Eduardo, a 4th year student can connect the lessons he learned in a subject area to a related content in another subject area?

 

a.    Articulation

b.    Balance

c.    Continuity

d.    Integration

 

6.    The following curricular changes took place in what particular period? Restore Grade VII, double-single session was abolished and more textbooks were written by Filipino authors.

 

a.    American Period

b.    Philippine Republic

c.    Japanese Occupation

d.    New Society

 

7.    Prof. Aguinaldo would like to integrate technology in writing a friendly letter. How can he do it effectively?

a.    Let the pupils surf a friendly letter from the Internet.

b.    Have the pupils write a friendly letter and send it through an email.

c.    Have the pupils forward a downloaded friendly letter to others via email.

d.    Let the pupils write a friendly letter using word processing and have it critiqued by their peers.

 

8.    This concept includes the sub-processes of curriculum planning, organization, implementation and evaluation. Which concept is this?

 

a.    Curriculum development

b.    Curriculum assessment

c.    Curriculum management

d.    Curriculum and instruction

 

9.    If curriculum is the "means", what is the "end"?

 

a.    Strategies

b.    Instruction

c.    Technique

d.    Approaches

 

10.  The curriculum used during the period in Philippine history terminated the use of English as a medium of instruction, what period is this?

 

a.    American

b.    Spanish

c.    Commonwealth

d.    Japanese

11.  Which of the following statements about the concept of curriculum is NOT quite acceptable?

 

a.    It refers to all experiences that both the school and the teacher provide the students with.

b.    It is the set of acquired knowledge, habits and skills

c.    It consists of everything that goes within the school.

d.    It is a planned action for instruction

 

12.  Which of the following is known for its strength of giving immediate feedback?

 

a.    video

b.    story book

c.    digital encyclopedia

d.    computer assisted instruction

 

13.  What process is being undertaken by curriculum developers when they enrich or modify certain aspects of a particular program without changing its fundamental conceptions?

 

a.    Curriculum improvement

b.    Curriculum change

c.    Curriculum design

d.    Curriculum implementation

 

 

 

14.  What design element establishes the vertical linkage from level to level to avoid glaring gaps and wasteful overlaps?

 

a.    Articulation

b.    Balance

c.    Scope

d.    Sequence

 

15.  Which of the following computer-based instructional material can be used to learn new concepts?

a.    games

b.    tutorial

c.    simulation

d.    drill and practice

 

16.  What refers to the authenticity of the content selected by the curriculum developer?

 

a.    Feasibility

b.    Learnability

c.    Significance

d.    Validity

 

17.  What do we call the allocation of content to a definite grade capable of learning?

 

a.    Time allotment

b.    Grade placement

c.    Grade level

d.    Maturity level

 

18.  Which pattern of experience-centered curriculum centers on the normal activities of children and is based on each child's needs, interests and potentials?

 

a.    Child-centered

b.    Activity

c.    Social function

d.    Specific competencies

 

19.  Prof. Natividad would like to create a presentation material for his lesson on the types of computer-assisted Instruction. Which tool should he use?

 

a.    communicative tool Informative

b.    tool

c.    productivity tool

d.    situating tool

20.  Which curriculum development phase focuses on the change which will take place in certain aspects of the curriculum without changing the fundamental conceptions?

 

a.    Curriculum planning

b.    Curriculum design

c.    Curriculum improvement

d.    Curriculum evaluation

 

21.  Which is not a component of curriculum designing?

 

a.    Objective

b.    learning content

c.    learning experiences

d.    Diagnosis of needs

 

22.  Which type of curriculum design serves as a response to society's demand for integration of knowledge and enables the learner to see relationship among various aspects?

 

a.    Broadfield

b.    Correlated

c.    Core

d.    Separate subjects

 

23.  Prof. De Guzman uses an online learning approach by which content provides links to information at other locations and serves as a focal point for a distance education experience. Which of the following does he use?

 

a.    computer-aided instruction

b.    web-based instruction

c.    self-paced program

d.    teleconferencing

 

24.  Who controls the subject centered curriculum?

 

a.    Learner

b.    Teacher

c.    Parent

d.    Teacher and parent

 

25.  To provide individual differences in the classroom, how is curriculum designed?

 

a.    Minimum learning competencies are included

b.    Realistic and meaningful experiences are provided

c.    Some degree of flexibility is provided

d.    Social skills are emphasized

 

26.  To ensure success in curriculum development, which of the following specific actions should a curriculum leader avoid?

 

a.    Work with people over them.

b.    Use your status frequently to establish discipline

c.    Keep channels of communication open

d.    Show that you too desire to improve

 

27.  Mr. Milena searches for related literature by accessing several databases in the library computer that is connected with other computers that have databases. How is this termed?

 

a.    CD ROM search

b.    Computer Search

c.    mechanical search

d.    online search

 

28.  Which of the following is a reason for the continuous appraisal of the existing curriculum in all levels?

 

a.    New national policies in government

b.    Changing needs and condition of society

c.    Economic status of the people

d.    Political trust of the country

 

29.  Which of the following best defines curriculum development?

 

a.    The total mental phenomena directly received at any given time

b.    The planning of learning opportunities intended to bring about certain desired changes in pupils and the assessment of the extent to which these changes have taken place.

c.    A continuous cycle of activities in which all elements of curriculum are considered.

d.    Education is aiding each child to be socially creative individuals.

 

30.  To build a sense of pride among Filipino youth, which should be done in the curriculum?

 

a.    Re-study our history and stress on our achievements as a people.

b.    Re-study our history from the perspective of our colonizer.

c.    Replace the study of folklore and myths with technical subjects.

d.    Set aside the study of local history.

 

31.  What do you call the curriculum when the teacher puts into action all the different planned activities in the classroom?

 

a.    Recommended Curriculum

b.    Written Curriculum

c.    Taught Curriculum

d.    Supported Curriculum

 

32.  Which pair of tools provide synchronous communication?

 

a. chatroom and email

b. email and bulletin board

c. video conferencing and blogs

d. instant messaging and chatroom

 

33.  Which statement about the subject-centered curriculum is NOT true?

a.    There is a high level of cooperative interaction

b.    It covers much content in a short period of time

c.    The teacher has full control of the classroom activities

d.    The main task is mastery of learning

 

34.  Schools divide the school hours to different subjects such as reading, grammar, literature, math, science, history and geography. What curriculum design is referred here?

 

a.    Problem-centered

b.    Learner-centered

c.    Subject-centered

d.    Culture-based

 

35.  Which is NOT a description of the learner-centered curriculum?

 

a.    Emphasis is on the total growth and development of the learners

b.    Controlled and cooperatively directed by learners, teachers and parents

c.    Education is a means to develop social creative individual

d.    Emphasis upon facts and knowledge for future use

 

36.  The K-12 curriculum is otherwise called as

 

a.    2002 Basic Education Curriculum

b.    Revitalized Basic Education Curriculum

c.    Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum

d.    Extended Basic Education Curriculum

 

37.  What refers to an individual or group of individuals who have a direct and indirect influence in curriculum development?

 

a.    Stockholders

b.    Stakeholders

c.    Promoters

d.    Incorporators

 

38.  Should Mrs. Reyes allow her pupils to surf the Internet in creating a group newsletter during her English class? Why?

 

a.    No, because pupils may just be exchanging messages via email.

b. No, because the pupils might open undesirable websites.

c. Yes, to allow the pupils to chat with their friends.

d. Yes, as long as it is used effectively.

 

 

39.  What refers to the appropriateness of the content in the light of the particular students who are to experience the curriculum?

 

a.    Significance

b.    Validity

c.    Interest

d.    Learnability

 

40.  Which of the following statements is NOT acceptable?

 

a.    Instruction is the actual engagement of learners in the planned learning activities.

b.    Curriculum determines what assessment should be done, and how to do it.

c.    Instruction requires teachers to use a variety of action to accomplish a variety of functions.

d.    Assessment establishes what is to be accomplished in teaching and learning.

 

41.  Which characteristic of a good curriculum highlights the psychological nature of the learner?

 

a.    Provisions are made for the smooth transition and continuing achievement of pupils.

b.    Curriculum plans in areas which extend over several years are developed vertically.

c.    Classroom practices give attention to the maturity and learning problems of each pupil.

d.    Cooperative planning and teaching provide for exchange of information about pupil's learning experiences.

 

42.  Objectives must be evaluated in the light of practical considerations, including teacher competence, availability of instructional materials, time allotment, etc. What characteristic of educational objective is defined by the aforementioned statement?

 

a.    Comprehension

b.    Attainability

c.    Consistency

d.    Feasibility

 

43.  Which of the following should you ask yourself in evaluating the content of an instructional material?

 

a.    Do the materials reinforce learning effectively?

b.    Are the materials of high technical quality?

c.    Does the content match the curriculum?

d.    Is it appropriate for the students?

 

44.  "Knowledge is true if it is workable”. What philosophical foundation supports this statement?

a.    Idealism

b.    Realism

c.    Pragmatism

d.    Essentialism

 

45.  As a member of the curriculum committee, your chief concern is to give the child freedom to choose what to learn and believe, as you allow them to set their own identities and standards. What philosophy will you consider?

 

a.    Existentialism

b.    Realism

c.    Idealism

d.    Pragmatism

 

46.  Which of the following statements does NOT describe educational technology?

 

i.     It includes hardware and software.

ii.    It refers to the efficiency of teachers in using computers

iii.    It is the development, application, and evaluation of systems, techniques and aids to improve human learning.

 

a.    i only

b.    ii only

c.    Both ii and iii

d.    Both i and iii

 

47.  Which of the following statements has a very limited definition of educational technology?

 

a.    It is a profession composed of various job categories.

b.    It refers to the computers used for teaching and learning.

c.    It includes audiovisual materials, interactive multimedia and self-instructional materials.

d.    It is the development, application and evaluation of system, techniques and aids to improve human learning

 

48.  Which of the following statements is correct about the domains of educational technology?

 

a.    Design is the production stage while development is the planning stage.

b.    Both the design and development are the planning stage.

c.    Evaluation is synonymous with implementation.

d.    Utilization is the action phase.

 

49.  What should Mr. Asuncion determine first in the selection of media in teaching?

a.    needs of the students

b.    availability of the media

c.     technique to be used

d.    objectives of the lesson

 

50.  Ms. Gomez is planning to integrate technology in her Mathematics class. Which of the following would be the logical steps in doing this?

I.     Set the objectives

II.    Analyze the learners

III.  Utilize the materials with showmanship

IV.   Evaluate the performance of the students

 

a.    I, II, III, IV

b.    II, I, III, IV

c.    I, II, IV, III

d.    II, I, IV, III

 

51.  Which of the following is a limitation of models and real objects in teaching and learning?

 

a.    They pose problems on storage

b.    They make learning more concrete.

c.    They provide hands-on learning experiences.

d.    They are readily available in the environment, around school and in the home.

 

52.  Which group of technologies has the highest degree of concreteness?

 

a.    Realia and computer

b.    Video, picture and television

c.    Digital video, film, versatile compact disc

d.    Book, imaginative literature, programmed instruction

 

53.  Which is the most important reason why teachers preview materials to be used in class?

 

a.    To gain confidence in using them.

b.    To encourage viewers to be more focused.

c.    To avoid potential problems that might occur while materials are in use.

d.    To ensure appropriateness of the materials with the objectives and target audience.

 

54.  Mrs. Del Prado placed text together with the relevant graphics on the same page in her multimedia presentation. Which principle did she apply?

 

a.    Split attention

b.    Spatial contiguity

c.    Cost-effectiveness

d.    Communication effectiveness

 

55.  Mrs. Olivarez presented real samples of rocks in her General Science class. What principle did she apply?

 

a.    Appropriateness

b.    Authenticity

c.    Responsiveness

d.    Simplicity

 

56.  After Ms. Rica planned her lesson in English, she found out that the materials at hand do not match her objectives. Which is the best thing that she can do?

 

a.    Modify the available materials.

b.    Teach the lesson the following day.

c.    Change the objectives to match with the available materials. d.       Carry out the lesson as planned and use the materials at hand.

 

57.  Which is the best reason why teachers state the objectives before using instructional media?

 

a.    To secure materials

b.    To prepare the materials beforehand.

c.    To determine which media to use best.

d.    To be able to practice how to operate the equipment

 

58.  Which of the following should Mr. Rivera primarily consider in determining the teaching-learning objectives and use of instructional media?

 

a.    The assessment tool to be used

b.    The learning activities

c.    The learner

d.    The teacher

 

59.  Which of the following technologies provide iconic experiences to students/ children?

 

a.    Video and books

b.    Pictures and videos

c.    Radio and recording

d.    Modules and periodicals

 

60.  Which of these technologies used in the classroom are arranged from the most symbolic to multisensory?

 

a.    Real objects, print, audio-visual materials and visual materials

b.    Visual materials, audio visual materials, print and computers

c.    Visual materials, print, audio-visual materials and realia

d.    Print, audio-visual materials, computers and realia

 

61.  Prof. Balatas used worksheets, manipulative and models in teaching math to help her students understand the lesson and love the subject. What did she bear in mind when she used these materials?

 

a.    appropriateness

b.    balance

c.    breadth

d.    variety

 

62.  Which of the following is inappropriate in using printed visuals such as charts, graphs and drawings?

 

a.    Provide written or verbal cues to highlight important aspect of visuals

b.    Present the instructional materials simultaneously

c.    Use materials that everyone can see

d.    Make the presentation suspenseful

 

63.  Susan wants to learn more English. Specifically, she wants to improve her listening skills. She has a CD player, a tape recorder and has internet access. As an English teacher, what do you suggest?

 

I.     CDs with English listening drills

II.    Tapes with English listening drills

III.  Internet website such as Go4 English, English Language Listening Lab or Randall's listening Lab

 

a.    I and II

b.    II and III

c.    I or III

d.    I, II and III

 

64.  Ms. Torres always makes sure that text, animation and color do not confuse students in her presentation materials. Which principle is applied?

 

a.    Simplicity

b.    Variety

c.    Responsiveness

d.    cost effectiveness

 

65.  Which of the following statements is incorrect about the contributions of technology to student learning?

 

a.    The quality of learning can be improved.

b.    The delivery of instruction can be more interesting.

c.    The method of teaching and learning becomes more interactive.

d.    The role of the teacher can be changed into knowledge dispenser.

 

66.  Mr. Ternate, an ICT teacher takes into account technology standards to address the needs of the students and help them adapt with the changing society and technology. Which of the following standards is an exception?

 

a.    Creativity and innovation

b.    Research and information literacy

c.    Model digital-age work and learning

d.    Technology operations and concepts

 

67.  Mrs. Reyes, a librarian, informed the students as well as the teachers that several software are available for classroom instruction and individual learning. Which material is she referring to?

 

a.    Computers

b.    CD-ROM

c.    Television set

d.    VCD and DVD players

 

68.  Ms. Vilna, a computer teacher demonstrates understanding of local and global issues and exhibits ethical and legal use of information and communications technology tools. Which is true about her?

 

a.    She models digital-age work and learning

b.    She facilitates and inspires student learning and creativity.

c.    She promotes and models digital citizenship and responsibility.

d.    She designs and develops digital-age learning experiences and assessments

 

69.  With the fast-paced evolution of technologies nowadays, why are teachers encouraged to shift gradually from a teacher-centered instruction to a learner-centered instruction?

 

I.     A learner-centered instruction focuses on transformation of facts.

 

a.    II and IV only

b.    I, II and IV only

c.    I, III and IV only

d.    II, III and IV only

 

70.  Ms. Hernandez employs student-centered instruction as the learners create their digital portfolios in her computer class. What could be developed among them through this approach?

 

a.    Repetition and active learning

b.    Mastery of skills and information delivery

c.    Information processing and passive learning

d.    Construction of knowledge and information exchange

 

71.  Susan‘s mother tongue is a vernacular. Which of the following materials would be the most efficient and effective material to learn a second language?

 

a.    interactive multimedia

b.    pictures and print materials

c.    audio compact discs and radio

d.    printed materials and real objects

 

72.  Mr. Torres will have a multimedia presentation in his Science class. Which of the following should he avoid?

 

a.    Consider technical quality.

b.    Apply different computer effects per slid.

c.    Present information through graphic organizers

d.    Use contrasting colors for text and background.

 

73.  Mrs. Simon would like to integrate technology in writing a friendly letter. Which of the following is the most effective way of doing it?

 

a.    Let the pupils surf a friendly letter from the internet

b.    Have the pupils write a friendly letter and send it through an email.

c.    have the pupils forward a downloaded friendly letter to others via email.

d.    Let the pupils write a friendly letter using word processing and have it critiqued by their peers.

 

74.  Which of the following computer-based instructional materials can be used to learn new concepts?

 

a.    Games

b.    Tutorial

c.    Simulation

d.    Drill and practice

 

75.  Computer can be a good tool for individualized instruction. Which of the following aspects can be a deterrent for its full utilization in the classrooms?

 

a.    economic

b.    physical

c.    social

d.    technical

 

76.  Professor John would like to create a presentation material for her lesson on the types of computer-assisted instruction. To make her presentation effective, which?

 

a.    Situating tool

b.    Informative tool

c.    Productivity tool

d.    Communicative tool

 

77.  Professor Reyes is thinking of an online learning approach by which content provides links to information at other locations and serves as afocal point fora distance education experience. Which of the following should she use?

 

a.    Teleconferencing

b.    Self-paced program

c.    Web-based instruction

d.    Computer-aided instruction

 

78.  With the increasing use of educational technology inside the classroom, what roles are expected of the teacher?

 

a.    facilitator

b.    demonstrator

c.    knowledge giver

d.    source of information

 

79.  Which is NOT a basic consideration in selecting and evaluating the content of an educational technology tool?

 

a.    Does it match the content?

b.    Can it be easily dismantled?

c.    Will it motivate and maintain interest?

d.    Is there evidence of its effectiveness?

 

80.  Your father wanted to finish his long dreamed course but he wanted to do it at home during his free time. Would you recommend an online learning?

 

a.    Yes, because online learning is the "in" thing

b.    No, because online learning inhibits student-teacher interaction.

c.    No, because hiring a helper would enable him to attend regularly in his class.

d.    Yes, because he could learn at his own pace using a wide spectrum of technologies.

 

81.  Ms. Delos Santos is a fresh graduate teacher who was hired to teach in an elementary school where there are enough resources for instruction. She wanted to start preparing her instructional materials. Which is the most systematic process in doing this?

 

a.    Design, utilization, evaluation, development

b.    Design, development, utilization, evaluation

c.    Development, design, utilization, evaluation

d.    Development, utilization, evaluation, design

 

82.  Which of the following technologies are properly classified?

 

a.    computers, compact discs, film, television

b.    imaginative literature, book, programmed instruction

c.    versatile compact disc, printed material, diagram, sketches

d.    digital video, phonograph, compact discs, radio, audio tape

 

83.  Which is the most important reason why teachers need to preview their instructional materials that will be used in the class?

 

a.    To gain confidence in using them

b.    To encourage viewers to be more focused

c.    To avoid potential problems that might occur while materials are in use

d.    To ensure appropriateness of the materials with the objectives and target audience

 

84.  After Ms. Rivas planned her lesson in English, she found out that the materials at hand do not match her objectives. Which is the best thing that she can do?

 

a.    Modify the available materials

b.    Teach the lesson the following day.

c.    Change the objectives to match with available materials.

d.    Carry out the lesson as planned and use the materials at hand.

 

 

85.  With increasing use of educational technology inside the classroom, what role is expected of the teacher?

 

a.    Facilitator

b.    Researcher

c.    Knowledge giver

d.    Source of information

 

86.  It is impractical to bring real objects to the classroom so Aaron constructed a three- dimensional visual instead. Which of the following did he construct?

 

a.    Chart

b.    Cartoon

c.    Model

d.    Graphic organizer

 

87.  Which of the following technologies are arranged from the most concrete to the most abstract?

 

a.    motion pictures, verbal symbols, visual symbols, radio, realias

b.    realias, visual symbols, television, motion pictures, still pictures

c.    realias, motion pictures, still pictures, visual symbols, verbal symbols

d.    verbal symbols, still pictures, visual symbols, models, motion pictures

 

88.  You asked your students to show a two-dimensional illustration of what they have understood from what they have read. Which of the following non-projected visuals are you referring to?

 

a.    Graphic organizer

b.    Print materials

c.    Model

d.    Realia

 

189. There are several reasons why teachers are reluctant in using electronic media in the teaching-learning process. Which is the most common reason?

 

a.    The limited exposure of teachers to new equipment

b.    Their incompatibility to diverse needs of the learners‘

c.    The difficulty in integrating technology in the curriculum

d.    The excessive availability of local technology in the community

 

90.  Prof. Mandalas would like to use an audio compact disc in teaching a lesson in Filipino. In which activity in the teaching-learning process is it very effective?

 

a.    In developing listening skills

b.    In teaching creating thinking

c.    In composing poems

d.    In building concepts

 

91.  Which is the best way to present instructional materials?

 

a.    concrete ->semi-concrete-> abstract->semi-abstract

b.    semi-concrete-> concrete -> abstract-> semi-abstract

c.    abstract->semi-abstract-> semi-concrete-> concrete

d.    concrete ->semi-concrete-> semi-abstract -> abstract

 

92.  Plants, pebbles, and blocks are just some of the effective instructional materials readily found in the environment if they are utilized properly. Which of the following is INCORRECT about their classroom use?

 

a.    Pass a single object around the class.

b.    Familiarize yourself with the object or model before its actual utilization.

c.    Use the objects as springboard in encouraging students' active participation.

d.    Make sure that the realia and model are large enough to be seen by the whole class.

 

93.  Prof. Ruiz uses projected visuals such as Digital Liquid Projector (DLP) in presenting her lesson. What could be her main reason for using it?

 

a.    The projected materials are readily available.

b.    They are more abstract than any other visuals.

c.    Most projected visuals can be obtained at no cost.

d.    She can easily prepare for own transparencies in advance.

 

94.  Ms. Simonton used a film clip in teaching Social Studies concepts to her First Year High School class. However, she found out that it was ineffectively used in the classroom. When technology is considered INEFFECTIVE?

 

a.    When it promotes mastery of the lesson

b.    When it makes viewing more interesting

c.    When it helps attain the objectives of the lesson

d.    When it induces alienation on the part of the learners

 

95.  Which of the following technologies provide iconic experiences?

 

a.    videos and computer

b.    books and periodicals

c.    audio and audio materials

d.    printed and verbal symbols

 

196. Your principal purchased new computer units for your Learning Resource Center. Which of the following should be your last consideration in using the technology?

 

a.    Computers can be used for entertainment.

b.    Computers can be used for research activity.

c.    Computers can be used for interactive presentation.

d.    Computers can be used to reinforce discussion of difficult concepts in class.

 

97.  Computers can be classified according to the roles they play namely communicative tool, informative tool, and constructive tool. What is the other role of computers not mentioned in this item?

 

a.    Instructional tool

b.    Situating tool

c.    Utility tool

d.    Application tool

 

98.  Which of the following categories of CAI will you use in your class if your objective is to increase proficiency in a newly learned skill or refresh an existing one?

 

a.    Tutorial

b.    Simulation

c.    Drill and practice

d.    Instructional game

 

99.  How can Prof. Urbana best promote the use of multimedia in teaching Science to her co-teachers?

 

a.    Sell multimedia at low cost.

b.    Demonstrate its use to them.

c.    Explain the literature supporting its use.

d.    Convince the principal to require the use of technology.

 

100. Which of the following is NOT an example of a communicative tool?

 

a.    Chat

b.    Electronic mail

c.    Teleconferencing

d.    Multimedia encyclopedia