·
Organic
growth consists of three elements: (1) increase in size (2)
differentiation of structure and (3) alteration of form.
·
Childhood is the time for a boy or girl from birth
until he or she is an adult
·
Adolescence is the period of transition from the
childhood to adulthood.
· Adolescence is a period of
change, problem age, a time to search for identity and a time of unrealism.
·
The
brain's ability to change from experience is known as Plasticity.
·
Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development concerns the
emergence and acquisition of schemata — schemes of how one perceives the
world.
· Theory of
Cognitive Development incudes (1) Sensorimotor (2) Pre-operational (3)
Concrete operational and (4) Formal Operational
·
Symbolic functioning is characterized
by the use of mental symbols, words or pictures which the child uses to
represent something which is not physically present.
·
Centration is characterized by a child focusing or
attending to only one aspect of a stimulus or situation.
·
Intuitive thought occurs when the child is able to
believe in something without knowing why he or she believes it.
·
Egocentrism denotes the tendency of a child to only
think from her or his own point of view.
·
Inability to Conserve is the lack of
perception of conservation of mass, volume and number after the original form
has changed.
·
Animism is when the child believes that inanimate
objects have "lifelike" qualities and are capable of action.
·
Seriation is the ability to arrange objects in an
order according to size, shape or any other characteristic.
·
Classification is the ability to name and identify sets
of objects according to appearance, size or other characteristic, including the
idea that one set of objects can include another.
·
Decentering is when the child takes into account
multiple aspects of a problem to solve it.
·
Reversibility is when the child understands that
numbers or objects can be changed then returned to their original state.
·
Conservation is the understanding that quantity,
length or number of items is unrelated to the arrangement or appearance of the
object or items.
·
Elimination of egocentrism is the ability to
view things from another's perspective.
·
Each
of Erikson's stages of Psychosocial development are marked by a conflict,
for which successful resolution will result in a favorable outcome.
·
Forgetting is the inability to access information
when needed.
·
There
are two main ways in which forgetting likely occurs: decay and interference.
·
Decay is when information is not attended to,
and eventually fades away.
·
Interference is when new or old information blocks
access to the information in question.
·
Aphasia is a loss of the ability to produce
and/or comprehend language, due to injury to brain areas specialized for these
functions,
·
Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that
manifests primarily as a difficulty with written .language, particularly with
reading and spelling.
·
Mental retardation is a term for a pattern of
persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills during childhood
and a significantly below-normal global intellectual capacity as an adult.
· Autism is a brain
development disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and
communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior, all exhibited before
a child is three years old.
·
Asperger's Syndrome is characterized by difficulties
in social interaction and by restricted and stereotyped interests and
activities.
·
Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21 is a genetic
disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21' chromosome.
Individuals with Down Syndrome can have a lower than average cognitive ability,
often ranging from mild to moderate learning disabilities.
·
Media, parenting, role models and peer groups are some major
factors affecting the social and emotional development of children and
adolescents.
·
Emotional intelligence describes an
ability, capacity or skill to perceive, assess and manage the emotions of one's
self, of others and of groups.
·
Self awareness is the ability to read one's emotions and
recognize their impact while using gut feelings to guide decisions.
·
Self management involves controlling one's emotions and
impulses and adapting to changing circumstances.
·
Social awareness is the ability to sense,
understand and react to other's emotions while comprehending social networks.
·
Relationship management is the ability to
inspire, influence and develop others while managing conflict.