Pre-Spanish Period – oral
- Own literature that reflects our own race
- Shows our customs & traditions in
evereday life
- Own alphabet known as baybayin
- Records were written on leaves &
bamboo cylinder, bark of trees and
caves
- Legend , folk tales, epics, folk songs , riddles, chants, proverbs & saying
- Epics –Hudhod
& Alim- Ifugao
1. Ybalon – Bikolano
2. Biag ni Lam-Ang – Ilokano
3. Bidasari – Muslim
Spanish Period
- Alibata was replaced by Roman alphabet
- Teachings of the Christian Doctrine became
the basis of religious practices
- Spanish language gave many of its words to
our language
- European legends & traditions were
assimilated in our songs,
corridos, Moro-Moro
- Ancient literature was collected &
translated to Tagalog & other dialects
- Grammar books were printed in Filipino
- Periodicals gained a religious tone
First Books
Doctrina Christiana – first book printed in the Phil. In
1593
-written by Fr. Juan de Placencia & Fr. Domingo Nieva
Barlaan at
Josephat – first Tagalog novel published in the Philippines.
Pasion – life
& sufferings of Jesus Christ
Urbana at Felisa
– book by Modesto de Castro (Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog)
-Letters between two sisters dealing with good behavior.
-
Vocabulario Dela Lengua Tagala – first Tagalog dictionary by Fr. Pedro de San Buenaventura
Recreational Plays
1. Tibag – search of St. Helena for the
cross on which Jesus died.
2. Cenaculo – dramatic performance to
commemorate the passion & death of Jesus Christ
3. Panunuluyan – presentation of the
search of Virgin Mary & St. Joseph for an inn to deliver the baby Jesus
4. Salubong – Easter play that dramatizes
the meeting of the Risen Christ & his mother.
5. Zarzuela –
father of drama musical comedy/melodrama dealing with man’s passions &
emotions.
6. Moro-moro – play about the fighting
between Moros & Christians
7. Duplo/Karagatan – played during wakes
for the dead
-princess who dropped her ring in the middl of the sea
8. Balagtasan – Debate in poetic verse;
created during the American Colonization of the Philippines.
9. Awit – Metrical romance that is sung or
said in fast beat. Subject is mostly about legends and fantasy.
Corrido or metrical romance that tackles in narrative form the life and adventures of persons.
Period of
Enlightenment – nationalism
- Filipinos demanded changes in the government and in the church.
1. Propaganda
Movement – leaders
Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena
A.Jose Rizal – Laong Laan & Dimasalang
-Noli and Fili
B.Marcelo H. del Pilar – Plaridel, pupdoh, Piping Dilat and Dolores Manapat
-Pag- ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, Dasalan at Tuksuhan
C. Graciano Lopez
Jaena
-first magazine – La Solidaridad
-Ang Fray Boto
D. Other Propagandists
-Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Pedro Paterno (Ninay-first social novel im Spanish by a Filipino, Jose Panganiban.
-Period of Active Revolution
-Reforms
demanded by propagandists were not given attention
-No other way
except to revolt
-Leaders were
Andres Bonifacio
– father of Filipino Democracy, Father of Katipunan (KKK), Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa.
-Emilio
Jacinto- Brains of the Katipunan, Katrilya ng Katipunan, Liwanag at dilim
-Apolinario
Mabini – Sublime Paralytic brains of the Revolution
-Jose Palma –
Phil. National Anthem
-
American Regime
-Literature had the theme of nationalism but was stopped
due to suppression done by the Americans
-English became the medium literary pieces
Writers – Cecilio Apostol, Fernando Ma. Guerero, Jesus balmori & Claro M.Recto, Lope K. Santos, Jose Corazon de Jesus, Amado V. Hernandez, Inigo Ed Regalado
-Severino Reyes – Father of the Tagalog drama – Walang
Sugat
-Pedro Bukaned – Father of Ilocano Literature
-Claro Caluya – Prince of Ilocano poets
-Leon Pichay – best Bukanegero
-
-Sursum Corda (poem) first work to be published in English
In 1919 the UP College Folio published the literary
compositions of the first Filipino writers in English.
-Short Story – Dead Stars by Paz Marqueez benitez became the model of perfection
Japanese Literature
-Newspaper in English were stopped by the Japanese
LIWAYWAY was placed under strict surveillance
- HAIKU, TANAGA
- Movie houses were closed showing American films
-Writers were Jose Ma. Hernandez, Francisco Soc Rodrigo,
Julian Cruz Balmaceda, NVM Gonzales, Liwayway Arceo, Carlos P. Romulo and
Carlos Bulosan
-
Rebirth of Freedom
1945 – American returned
- Proliferation of newspaper FREE PRESS, MORNING SUN, Manila Times Philippine
Heral, Chronicle, Bulletin
-Poems, novel m short stories
-Without Seeing the Dawn by Javellana
Palanca Awards – Kuwento ni Mabuti-Genoveva Edroza (1950-51) (first award)
Period of Activism – because of the ills of society, the youth moved to seek reforms
-Martial Law
-Writings
were rebellious
-Placards in
red bearing the sign MAKIBAKA
-Period of terror % wrath
New Society
Age of Ninoy Aquino’s martyrdom People’s Power
-Rebirth of newspapers, books
-Songs – Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo/Bayan Ko
AFRO – ASIAN
LITERATURE
Chinese Literature – one of the major cultural heritage
of the world
Poetry – characterized by compactness & brevity
Confucius or Kung Fu-tze – first sage of China who wanted
to make education available to all men.
Great Techer – proponent of Chinese Literature SHIH CHING
– first anthology of Chinese poetry
Five Books
1.
Yiking (Book of Chnges) divination
2.
Liking (Book of Ceremonies) etiquette
3.
Shuking (Book of Historical Documents) political
ideas & fundamentals of good government
4.
Shiking (Book of Poetry) best poems
5. Chun Chiu (Spring & Autumn) history of Confucius native provinc
Teachings
Principles of courage & prudence Filial duty
Selecting friends
- Good human
relations
- Good
government
- Value of education & self-criticis,
Analects – are selection or parts of literary works
Ex.
1.
If a man in the morning hear the right way, he
may die in the evening without regret
2.
I am not concerned that I am not know but I seek
to ve worthy to be known.
3.
When we see men of worth, we should think of
equaling them, when we see men of Contrary character, we should turn inwards
& examine ourselves.
4. Give man a fish & you feed him for a day, teach man to fish and you feed him for life.
Arabia
A Thousand & One nights – a collection of stores and
folk tales compiled in Arabic.
Ex. Aladdin, Ali Baba and Forty Thieves and Sinbad the
Sailor
- Kahlil Gibran – great poet
Indian Literature – oldest sacred literature is found in
four VEDAS (knowledge)
a.
Rigveda
– oldest – Veda of Praise
b.
Brahmanas
– rituals & prayers
c.
Upanishads
– discoursesbetween teachers & pupils
d. Puranas – history of the Aryan race
Mahabharata (Hindu
Epic) – Cosmology, statecraft, philosophy, science of war
-Longest poem in the world about the bitter quarrel of two brothers – Pandu & Karu (Pandavas are unjustly deprived of the ancestral kingdom of their woicked sons)
Hindu proverb
– I weep because I have no shoes, unitl I saw a man without feet
Ramayana (Hindu
epic) – It depicts the duties of relationship portraying ideal characters
like the ideal servant, ideal brother, ideal wife and ideal king
Kalidasa – poet know for Sakuntala/greatest Sanskrit playwright ang poets
Rabindranath Tagore – best know of all recent writers in India
- Masterpiece – Gitanjali
Hebrew Literature
Bible – book of all books, 39 books Old Testatament/27 books – New Testament
-Literature that provokes another literature
-Most famous works in the hebew literature is the Old
Testament
-Genesis
-Ten Commandments
-David & Goliath
-Ecclesiates- To everything there is season and a time to every purpose under heaven; a time to love and a time to hate, a time of war & a time of peace
Psalm of David
(Psalm 23)
The Lord is
my shepherd I shall not want.
Story of Joseph and Story of Ruth
Persian Literature – Iran
Rubaiyat – Omar Khayyam (tent-maker) poem of high divine and spiritual meaning. The beauty and simplicity of this poem is so immaculate that is why people of all faiths seek divine solace.
Egyptian Literature – Pharaog, pyramids, mummies, papyrus Book of the Dead,
Hymns to the Sun- Godm Rosetta Stone- reveals the antiquity of
Egypt Egyptian writing – hieroglyphics
Poem- To Whom Should I Speak Today
Japanese
Literature
1.
NOH DRAMA – dramatic dance with lyrical poetic
texts and masked actors
2.
HAIKU – 7 syllable poetic form usually about
nature
3.
WAKA – 31 syllable classical poetry
4.
KABUKI – Japanese dance drama
5.
KOJIKI – (Record of Ancient Matters) earliest
surving work in Japan