SYMBOLS
= equals
≠ is not equal to
> is more than
< is less than
≥ is greater than or equal to
_ is congruent to
≈ is similar to
│ is perpendicular to
║ is parallel to
± plus or minus
Important Definitions
Sum is the result of addition.
Difference is the result of subtraction.
Product is the result of
multiplication
In division, Dividend Quotient
+ Remainder
_________
= ________
Divisor Divisor
A fraction is an indicated
division
A decimal is an implied
fraction a denominator of 10, 100,1000.. ..
A Percent is a fraction with a
denominator of 100
A Ratio compares two
quantities by dividing one by the other. A Proportion is an equation, both
sides of which are fractions
A Positive number is one that
is greater than zero, a Negative number is one that is less than zero. The
meaning and the use of signed numbers are basic in the study of Algebra.
Positive numbers are preceded
by a plus sign (+); negative numbers, a minus sign (-).
Arithmetic Concepts
Any quantity multiplied by zero is (x. 0 =0)
Any quantity = 4, except zero raised to the zero power is 1
(xº =1 if x=0)
If x2 then x= +2 or -2
Any fraction multiplied by its
reciprocal equals 1: (x/y) (y/x) = 1. Odd and Even Numbers
Even + odd = even
Odd + odd = odd
Even + odd = odd
Even x even = even
Even x odd = even
Odd x odd = odd
Adapted from:
Krulik, Stephen and Rudnick, Jesse. Problem Solving: A
Handbook for Teachers Allyn and Bacon, Inc.Boston, Mass. 1980