v
John Locke was an English philosopher and physician
"Father of Liberalism" ; to form character (mental, physical, and
moral) ; Education as Training of the mind/Formal discipline ; Notable ideas -
"Tabula rasa"
v
Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman,
scientist, jurist, orator and author. "Father of scientific method"
"Father of empiricism"
v
Jean Jacques Rousseau was a Francophone
Genevan philosopher, writer and composer of the 18th century."Hollistic
education"(physical,moral, intellectual)
v
Notable
ideas - moral simplicity of humanity; child centered learning; Famous novel:
"Emile" or On Education; Human Development
v
Edgar Dale was an American educator who developed the
"Cone of Experience"
v
aka
"Father of Modern Media in Education"
v
Erik Erikson was a German-born American developmental
psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on "psychosocial
development" of human beings.
v
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi was a swiss
pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach.
"Social regeneration of humanity" Notable ideas: "Four-sphere
concept of life" his motto was " Learning by head, hand and
heart"
v
Friedrich Frobel was a German pedagogue a student
of Pestalozzi who laid the "foundation of modern education" based on
the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. "Father
of kindergarten"
v
Johann Herbart was a German philosopher, psychologist
and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline. ;
v
Edward Lee Thorndike was an American psychologist ;
" Father of Modern educational psychology; connectionism; law of effect. ;
"Realize the fullest satisfaction of human wants"
PHILOSOPHICAL
FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION
Ø
IDEALISM Plato (own ideas) nothing exist except in
the mind of a man/ what we want the world to be
Ø
REALISM Aristotle;Herbart; Comenius; Pestalozzi;
Montessori; Hobbes; Bacon; Locke
§
(experience)
fully mastery of knowledge
Ø
BEHAVIORISM always guided by standards/by procedure;
purpose is to modify the behavior
Ø
EXISTENTIALISM Kierkegaard; Sartre; "Man shapes his
being as he lives"
§
Focuses
on self/individual
Ø
PRAGMATISM/EXPERIMENTALISM William James;
John Dewey - learn from experiences through interaction to the environment
§
Emphasizes
the needs and interests of the children
Ø
PERENNIALISM Robert Hutchins
§
focuses
on unchanging/universal truths
Ø
ESSENTIALISM William Bagley - teaching the
basic/essential knowledge
§
Focuses
on basic skills and knowledge
Ø
PROGRESSIVISM Dewey/Pestalozzi (process of development)
focuses on the
whole child and the cultivation of individuality
Ø
CONSTRUCTIVISM
Jean
Piaget
§
Focused
on how humans make meaning in relation to the interaction b/w their experiences
and their ideas. Nature of knowledge w/c represents an epistemological stance.
Ø
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM George Counts -
recognized that education was the means of preparing people for creating his
new social order
§
highlights
social reform as the aim of education
©
ACCULTURATION - learning other culture; the passing of
customs, beliefs and tradition through interaction and reading.
©
ENCULTURATION - the passing of group's custom, beliefs
and traditions from one generation to the next generation
©
Convergent questions - are those that typically have
one correct answer.
©
Divergent questions - also called open-ended questions
are used to encourage many answers and generate greater participation of
students. Higher order thinking skills; to think more creatively.
©
90 days - enrolled bills becomes a law
©
30 days - "lapse"
PRINCIPLES & THEORIES OF
LEARNING & MOTIVATION
*
Psychosexual
Theory/Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud
*
Psychosocial
Theory - Erik Erikson's Theory of Personality
*
Ecological
Theory - Eric Brofenbrenner's Theory of Development
*
Sociohistoric
Cognitive Linguistic Theory - Lev Semanovich Vygotsky
*
Cognitive
Development - Jean Piaget; John Dewey; Jerome Brunner
*
Phenomenology
- Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers; Louis Raths
*
Behaviorism
- Edward Thorndike; Ivan Pavlov; Burrhus Frederick Skinner
*
Moral
Development - Lawrence Kohlberg
*
Ivan
Pavlov - classical conditioning
*
Edward
Thorndike - connectionism
*
B.F.
Skinner - operant conditioning & reinforcement
*
Albert
Bandura - "bobo doll" experiment; modelling; self eficacy
*
David
Ausubel - Meaningful Reception Theory
*
Jerome
Bruner - Discovery Learning Theory/Inquiry method
*
Wolfgang
Kohler's - Insight Learning Problem
*
Richard
Atkinson & Richard Shiffrin's - Information Processing Theory
*
Robert
Gagne's - Cumulative Learning Theory
*
Howard
Gardner - Multiple Intelligence
*
Kurt
Lewin's - Field Theory/ his concept of life space
*
Brofenbrenner's
- Ecological System Theory
*
Lev
Vygotsky - Social Constructivism; Zond of Proximal Development (ZPD) * gap b/w
actual and potential development
*
Hilda
Taba - Grassroots Approach
*
Max
Wertheimer - Gestalt Psychology
*
Wilhe