-Jutes, Angles, Saxons
-Language – Anglo Saxon
-Angleland – Stone age people
Gaels/Britons
Romans
BEOWULF (England) - Epic of more than 3,000 lines
CHAUCER – Canterbury Tales
-greatest English writer of
the middle ages
-St.Thomas a Becket
-Through Harry BAilly – innkeeper – Tabard Inn
Ex. Paradoners Tale
King Arthur & the Knights
of the Round Table
-Sir Gawaine
-Sir Thomas Malory- Le Morte
de Arthur
-rise & decline of the
Round Table, quest for the Holy Grail & establishment of the first printing
press in English by William Caxton.
-Sir Thomas More – Utopia
-Doctor Faustus by Christopher
Marlowe – The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
“Come Live with me and “Be my
Love” I will make thee bed of roses
Sis Walter Raleigh – The
nymphs Reply to the Shepherd” If all the world and love were young and truyth
in every shepherd’s tounge
William Shakespeare – greatest writer of all times
-Venus and Adonis / Romeo and Juliet / Hamlet/Macbeth
-Sonnets
Sonnet 18 – Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thomas Campion – My Sweetest LEsbia- “Let us live & love”
Francis Bacon – Father of English Essay
Of Studies – Studies serve for delight, fir ornament & for ability
Ben Johnson- Song to Celia “Drink to me only with thines eyes and I will pledge with mine or leave a kiss but in the cup and I’ll not look for mine.”
John Miltom – Paradise: Lost, On his Blindness
Thomas Gray – Elegy Written in Country Churchyard
Samuel Taylor Coleridge – Thyme of the Ancient Mariner
Percy Bysshe Shelley – Ode to the West Wind
Alfred Lord Tennyson – Break, Break, Break
Robert Browning – Last Duchess
Elizabeth Barrett Browning – Hpw Do I Love Thee?”
Matthew Arnold – Dover Beach
Rudyard Kipling – Madalay/Recessional John Masefield – Sea Fever
David Herbert Lawrence – Lady Chatterly’s Lover
American Literature
-Captain Jong Smith
(Pocahontas)
-Vitginia
Thomas Jefferson – Declaration of Independence of the 13th United States of America
Patrick Henry – Hive me liberty or give me death
Washington Irving - Legend of Sleepy Hollow
-Rip Van Winkle
-Ichabod Crane and Rose of Alhambra
Edgar Allan Poe – Annabel Lee, Tell-Tale Heart
-Father of Horror Stories
Ralph Waldo Emerson- Self – Reliance
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow – A Psalm of life
- “Tell me not in mournfull numbers”
-“Life is but an empty dream”
Samuel Lamghorne Clemens (Mark
Twain) – Afventures of Tom Sawyer
Henry James- Tree of Knowledge
Stephen Crane – Blades of Grass
Ernest Hemingway – Old Man & the Sea
Robert Frost – The Road Not Taken
William Ernest Henley – Invictus
Walt Whitman – O captain, My Captain
Charles Dickens – Christman Carol
Greek Literature
1. Pre Homeric and Homeric Age
2. Anthenian period – Alexander the Great
3. Period of Decline
Qualities:
1. Permanence & universality
2. Essentially full of artistry
3. Originality
4. Diversity of talent
5. Intellectual quality
Homer – blind poet of Greece/great epics – Illiad & Odyssey Theme- Man’s fate is the result of his actions.
Mythological background of Iliad
Achilles – greatest Greek warrior Thetis and Peleus (Parents)
Eris – Goddess of mischief was not invited
Golden Apple – to the fairies of the Goddess
Hera – promised power
Athena – wisdom
Aphrodite – most beautiful woman in the world
Helen – married to Menelaos
-Alexandros abducted Helen and
brought her to Troy
-Greeks (Achaians) banded
together to restore Helen of Menealos
-10 year war – Trojan war
Iliad
-violent quarrel between
Agamemnon & Achilles
-Briseis was unjustly taken by
Agamemnon
-Achilles bowed not to fight & stayed on his tent; because of his absemce, the Trojans led by prince Hecor were winning & Greeks were driven back
Patroclus – dear friend of Achilles begged to fight
-was killed by Hector
-and because of this, Achilles killed the Trojans in order to marry Penelope
-Story of Penelope
Because of Athena, he reached
Ogygia
- met the nympj Calypso, fallen in love with him
-kept for seven years
-Hermes ordered Calypso to
realease Odysseus
-Poseidon got angry and
Odysseus met several dangers before reaching Ithaca
Dramatist of the Athenian Age
1. Aeschylus – father of
tragedy
-theological poet
-soldier playwright
-Battle of Marathon/Salamy
2. Sophocles
-Oedipus Rex
-Parent Laius & Jocasta
(Thebe)
- Chidless – Apollo at Delphi
- received a prophecy that Jocasta would have a son, but will murder his father and marry his mother
-Oedipus was born
-exposed in the mountain
-given to the childless
King& Queen of Corinth
-went to oracle of Delphi and
learned the truth
-left Corinth
-on his way , he met an old
man & insulted him & tried to beat him
-killed the man
-reached Thebe
-people were suffering under
great misfortune in the form of a Sphinx Riddle – morning walks in 4 legs; noon
– 2 legs – night – 3 legs
Oedipus – solved the riddle
-became king of Thebe &
married Jocasta
-plague came to the land
-Theban went to oracle of
Delphi
-Apollo saod that they must look for the murdere of their King Lauis & punish him
People sought the help of
Oedipus & promised to look for the murderer
He learned the truth and
Jocasta & Oedipus realized that they were mother and son. In the end Jocasta
committed suicide while Oedipusblinded his eyes
3. Euripides – modern playwright
4. Aristophanes – master of Greek comedy
Rome – Virgil – ggreatest
writer that Rome produced
Aeneid – Aeneas (Trojan hero)
-burning troy
-went to Latium
-landed in Carthage and
welcomed by Queen Dido
-queen fell in love with
Aeneas
-Aeneas great destiny was to
be the founder of Rome
-oracle – only daughter
Lavinia would marry a foreigner- king Nibelungelied – Siegfred/epic/of Germany
Song of Roland – epic of France
El Cid – epics of Spain
Diving Comedy – Dante – Father
of Italian Literatiore
-greatest literary production
of the middle Ages
GREEK GODS AND GODDESSES
Zeus – In Greek mythology, the father of gods and men, and most powerful of immortals. He was pre-Hellenic and was worshipped as the sky-deity, whose presence was marked by lightning, thunder, and rain, He was theson of Kronos and Rhea: Poseidon.
Hades, Hestia, Demeter, JHera were his brothers and sisters, Hera being also his wife, When the world was distributed among them after the overhrow of Kronos, Poseidong obtained the sea, Hades the underworld and Zeus the heavens and upper regions, the earth being common of them all.
Thetis – sea goddess, mother of Achilles
Poseidon- Fierce god of the sea and of earthquakes, brother of Zeus and Hades, defender of Greeks
Hermes – Son of Zeus and Maia. He is familiar in Roman myhology as Mercurius
His best know role was that of messenger of the gods, for which he carried a herald’s wand. He also conducted the dead to Hades. He was commonly represented in art asa a head supported by a tapering pillar with a phallus affixed to it. Such images were known as Hermae.
Hera – Pre-Hellenic goddess whose Greek name is no more than the title, lady. The daughter of Kronos and Rhea, she figures in Greek mythology as wife and sister Zeus and patroness of female life in general and of marriage in particular. Her children included Ares, Hebe and Hephaestus. According to Homer she was jealous and quarrelsome; Zeus himself quailed at her tounge. Argos seems to have been the most ancient place for her worship.
Hephaestus – Also called
Hephaistos, in Greek Religon, the God of fire.
Originally a deity of Asia Minor and the adjoining islands, he had an important place of worship at the Lycian Olympus, where natural gas provided both his image and his sanctuary. As god of fire, Hephaestus became the divine smith and patron of craftsmen, the naturalvolcanic or gaseous fires already connected with him were often considered to be his workshops.
Athena – Sometimes called Pallas. She spramg fully grown and armed from the head of Zeus, who had swallowed her mother MEITIS (wise counsel). Although pre- Hellenic, she became patron goddess of Athems, and personified wisdom. In Roman mythology is identified with Minerva.
Artemis – Originally a primitive earg-goddess; she appears in Greek mythology as daughter if Zeus and Leto and sister of Apollo; a virgin huntress and patroness of chastity.
Aphrodite – The Goddess of Beauty and Love, who beguiled all, Gods and men alik; the laughter-loving Goddess, who stole away even the wits of the wise. She is the daughyer of Zeus and Dione in the Iliad. She was also known as Venus in the Roman mythology.
Apollo – Archer god, main protector of the Trojans.
Ceres- Roman goddess of corn, identified with Greek Demeter
Ares – He presented the distasteful aspects of brutal warfare and slaughter.
From at least the time of
Homer, who established him as the son of the chief god, Zeus amd Hera his
consort, he was of the Olympiam deities, buthis fellow gods and even his
parents were not fond of him. HE was accompanied in battle, however, by his sister Eris (Strife) and his sins (by Aphrodite) DEimos and Phobos (panic and Rout).
Achilles – was the son of Peleus and Thetis and hero of Homers Iliad by whom Greek valor and its mightiest was exemplified in Trojan War. He was educated in war and eloquence by phoenis amd in hunting, riding, music and medicine by Chiron. He was the greatest and bravest warrior among the Greeks.
Agamemnon – Son of Atreus and brother of Menelaus. He was the legendary king of Mycenae. In Homer, he appears to be commander in chief of the Greek expedition against Troy. He was personally brave but somewhat irresolute and despondent. His quarrel with Achilles is principal motif of the Illiad.
The Odyssey relates, on his return from the wars, he and his followers were treacherously murdered by his wife Clythemnestra and her lover Aegisthus, Clymnestra also killed Cassandra, thedaughter of Prian, king if Troy, whom agamemno had brought back with him.
Neptune, Neptunus – Roman god of water; later elevated to God of the Sea after his identification with the Greek Poseidon
Vulcan – Roman God of fire and in Particular of furnaces; his
festival, the Vulcania, was observed on 23’rd August. He was identified with
the Greek Hephaesthus.