CARPENTRY AND MASONRY (T.L.E MAJORSHIP)

• thumb – used as guide

• working with piece of materials as in sawing, boring, filing and planing, always use – Clamps

• marking the thickness – marking gauge

• squareness – Try square

• Angles EXCEPT 90 degrees – Sliding T bevel

• Carpentry – referring to technology and science of cutting, fitting, and assembling

• thumb – used as guide

• working with piece of materials as in sawing, boring, filing and planing, always use – Clamps

• marking the thickness – marking gauge

• squareness – Try square

• Angles – Sliding T bevel

• hardwood – 6-12 %

• Softwood – 20 %

• angle used in sawing soft and thin wood – 30-45 degrees

• Seasoning  - process of drying the lumber

• Sawing – preparation of wood for commercial purposes 

• common plywood is 4 x 8 feet

• provides greater holding power than nails – screw

• process of smoothening using sand paper – Sanding

• constructing tables and chairs – Mortise and Tenon

• CHB – bound together by a material called mortar

• artificial stone – Concrete

• most widely used masonry materials – Hollow blocks

• manufactured from clay – Bricks

• conglomerated mass – Aggregates

• aggregate components of a total mass of concrete – 90% (exact composition is 95%)

• 1: 3: 6 – class C concrete mixture

• hand mixing ½  kg of water + 1 kg of cement + 2 kg of sand + 2.5 – 3 kg of gravel

• vertical – Plumb bob

• classifications of masonry tools – none of the above (2 only, Roughing Up and Surface Finishing Tools)

• fine textured concrete plaster – Rubber foam

• Economy – NOT to be considered in proportioning concrete mixture

• commonly used in small and large construction – Portland cement

• practices in mixing cement EXCEPT, Add plenty of water

• purpose of footing in masonry, It prevents the foundation from sinking

• Has long period of curing time – Pozzolan

• smallest division of the metric scale – millimeter

• one inch to centimeters – 2.54

• best to use – Kiln dried

• caliper – cylindrical object

• Fastening materials – nails

• Plywood – three or more veneer slice

• strongest form – mortise and tenon

• sanding – done before the application of finishing materials

• S4S – four of its sides are smooth or planed

• splicing or joining of wood using two side blocks – Fishing

• simplest – Butt joint 

• major horizontal support – Header

• series of triangles – Truss

• 60 degrees –tooth of a cross cut saw

• solid color instead of a wood pattern – Opaque finishes

• oldest and most commonly used building material – Wood

• conifers – Soft wood

• binding agent – Cement

• rough – cutting marks are visible

• put through planking machine – dressed

• been dresses and matched, ship lapped, or patterned – worked

• plank of wood that has been roughly cut – Lumber

• Flat-grain – parallel to the face

• Edge-grain – 90 degrees to the face

• art of building with stone, bricks, concrete – Masonry

• you hold on to – Handrail

• part do you step on – Tread (minsan READ ang kalagay sa option)

• Door hinge – door swing when you close and open it

• standard height of the riser – 6-8 inches

• protective equipment, EXCEPT – ear muffs

• Helmet – protects the carpenter from falling objects

• protects the carpenter from falling – Belt and harness

• compress baked clay – Bricks

• closely together – Close-grain

• do not run parallel to the board – Cross-grain

• picture frame – Miter joint

• shelves of a bookcase – Dado joint

• Lap joint – one side over the other

• Butt joint – one end over the other

• rigid and durable – Mortise and Tenon joint

• 45 degrees angle – Miter joint

• protects the room occupants – Rabbet joint

• middle of a bench – Bridle joint

• English system – inch

• Metric system – meter

• measure long distances – Pull-push rule

• mark very rough objects – Chalk line

• vertical line – Plum bob

• fasten and remove nails – Claw hammer

• smoothen wood surfaces – Plane

• smooth finish of concrete after floating – Concrete trowel

• cut brick, block, or stone – Mason's hammer

• repair mortar joints – Pointing trowel

• move mortar – Brick trowel

• mix concrete – Shovel

• lays bricks – Hawk

• shaping and forming concrete edges – Edger

• mix concrete for column and slab – 1 : 1 1/2 : 3

• class B mixture – 1 : 2 1/2 : 5

• mix concrete for a slab in the ground – 1 : 2 : 4

• mix concrete for hollow block filler – 1 : 3 : 6

• can be molded without segregation – Plasticity

• degree of wetness or slump – Consistency

• results from mixing cement, sand, and water – Mortar

• results from mixing cement and water – Grout

• process of finishing using mortar – Plastering

• Start laying ceramic tiles – Center

• Start laying concrete hollow blocks – Left

• mix mortar for plastering – cement and sand

• toilet and bathroom flooring – Non-skid granite tiles

• Bricks longer side is exposed to view – Stretcher

• regulate the strength of concrete, EXCEPT , Dropping concrete mixture from high elevation

• 1:2:4 – Class A

• set-up the lateral level of a concrete fence – Spirit level 

• coarse aggregates – Gravel

• process of hardening of concrete – Curing

• widely used in small and large construction including roads and highways – Portland cement

• added to the batch immediately before or during its mixing – Admixture

• the structural reinforcing member – Stirrups

• structure that holds the poured concrete – Forms

• days shall concrete be maintained above 10 °C temperature –  7 days

• 4" x 8" x 16" concrete hollow blocks – 55 to 60 pcs


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