● 1380 -
Muslim Arabs arrived at the Sulu Archipelago.
● 1521 -
Ferdinand Magellan "discovers" the islands and names them:
Archipelago of San Lazaro.
● 1542 -
Spanish expedition commandeered by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos claims the islands
for Spain; names them "Philippines" after Prince Philip, later King
Philip II of Spain; the Philippines becomes part of Spanish Empire.
● 1872 -
Gomburza (Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora) were executed
by the Spaniards.
● 1892 - Jose
Rizal founded the civic organization La Liga Filipina.
● 1896 -
Katipuneros tear their cedulas & shout in contempt of the Spaniards in what
is called the Cry of Pugadlawin.
● 1897 -
General Emilio Aguinaldo establishes the a new republic at Biak-na-Bato in
Bulacan.
● 1886 - José
Rizal publishes anti-Spanish novel, Noli Me Tangere (The Lost Eden); and seers
up independence sentiment.
● 1896 -
Spanish execute Rizal for instigating insurrection; public outrage spawns
rebellion.
● 1898 -
American warship Maine was blown up in Havana harbour, triggers the the
Spanish-American war, the battle of Manila Bay ensues.
● 1898 -
Emilio Aguinaldo assembled the Malolos Congress in Bulacan, then declares
independence in Kawit, Cavite
● 1899 -
Treaty of Paris ends Spanish-American War, cedes Philippines to U.S. after
payment to Spain by U.S. of $ 20 million. Emilio Aguinaldo declares
independence then leads a guerrilla war against U.S.
● 1901 - U.S.
captures Aguinaldo; William Howard Taft arrives as first U.S. governor of
Philippines.
● 1902 -
Insurrection ends; Taft improves economic conditions, settles disputes over
church ownership of land, establishes "Pensionado" program, allowing
Filipinos to study in U.S., which helped modernize and westernize the country.
● 1916 - U.S.
congress passes the Jones Law establishing elected Filipino legislature with
house and senate.
● 1934 - U.S.
congress approves the Tydings-McDuffie Law promising Philippine independence by
1946; transition to independence begins.
● 1935 -
Filipino people approve constitution creating the Philippine Commonwealth with
Manuel Quezon y Molina as president.
● 1941 -
Japanese invades the Philippines, and defeats Gen. Douglas MacArthur at Bataan
and Corregidor; Quezon establishes government in exile in the U.S.
● 1944 -
Quezon dies in exile; Vice President Sergio Osmeña assumes the presidency;
MacArthur returns to the Philippines and lands in Leyte with little resistance.
● 1945 - Gen.
MacArthur liberates Manila and President Osmeña establishes government.
● 1946 - The
U.S. gave the Philippines independence and Manuel Roxas y Acuña is elected as
the first president of the new republic.
● 1965 -
Ferdinand E. Marcos is elected by a big majority as president.
● 1972 -
Martial Law was declared by President Marcos. This period is marked with human
rights abuses and corruption.
● 1981 -
Marcos lifts Martial Law.
● 1983 -
Opposition leader Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino returns from exile and is
assassinated on arrival at Manila International Airport; Aquino's widow Corazon
leads the "People Power" protest movement.
● 1986 -
Marcos was officially declared winner in a presidential election beating
Corazon Aquino amid charges of fraud; demonstrations erupt; Marcos flees to
Hawaii; Aquino is declared president and forms a new government.
● 1992 -
Endorsed by Aquino, her Secretary of Defense Gen. Fidel Ramos wins presidential
election. U.S. Philippine congress rejects a new treaty with the U.S. and Subic
Bay naval base and Clark Air Field returns to Philippine government, ending
American military presence in the Philippines.
● 1996 - The
government of Ramos agrees to greater autonomy for southern island of Mindanao.
Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) ends the guerrilla war with the
government.
● 1997 -
Asian financial crisis grips Asia and the Philippines escapes the crisis
despite series of currency devaluations.
● 1998 -
Former movie actor Joseph Estrada is elected president.
● 2000 - On
charges of corruption, the lower house impeach Estrada.
● 2001 -
Estrada was forced to step down due to public outrage over corruption
allegations. Vice President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo assumes the presidency.
● 2004 -
Presidential election takes place. Arroyo's closest rival (a dear friend of
Ex-President Estrada) is film actor Fernando Poe, Jr. Arroyo narrowly defeats
Poe, taking 39.5% of the vote to Poe's 36.6%.
● 2005 - A
taped conversation between President Arroyo & an election official surfaced
during the 2004 elections implying she influenced the official election
results. Calls for her resignation and demonstrations followed soon after. In
September 2005, Congress voted down the filing of an impeachment against
Arroyo.
● 2007 -
Former President Joseph Estrada is convicted of plunder, the first ever in the
history of the Philippines.
● 2010 -
First automated national elections in the Philippines.
● 2010 -
Benigno "Noynoy" Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III wins the Presidential
elections and sworn in at Manila's Rizal Park on June 30, 2010.
● 2016 -
Rodrigo "Rody" Roa Duterte, the former Mayor of Davao City assumes
the Presidency. He is the first president to come from Mindanao.
Administration
of Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016–present)
Rodrigo
Duterte, current President of the Philippines.
Davao City
mayor Rodrigo Duterte of PDP–Laban won the 2016 presidential election,
garnering 39.01% or 16,601,997 of the total votes, becoming the first
Mindanaoan to become president. On the other hand, Camarines Sur 3rd District
representative Leni Robredo won with the second narrowest margin in history,
against Senator Bongbong Marcos.[220] On 30 May, the Congress had proclaimed
Rodrigo Duterte, despite his absence, as president-elect and Leni Robredo as
vice president-elect.[221] On July 12, 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration
ruled in favor of the Philippines in its case against China's claims in the
South China Sea.[222] Duterte's presidency began following his inauguration on
June 30, 2016 at the Rizal Ceremonial Hall of the Malacañang Palace in Manila,
which was attended by more than 627 guests.[223] On August 1, 2016, the Duterte
administration launched a 24-hour complaint office accessible to the public
through a nationwide hotline, 8888, and changed the nationwide emergency
telephone number from 117 to 911.[224][225] After winning the Presidency,
Duterte launched an intensified anti-drug campaign to fulfill a campaign
promise of wiping out criminality in six months.[226] By March 2017, the death
toll for the Philippine Drug War passed 8,000 people, with 2,679 killed in
legitimate police operations and the rest the government claims to be homicide
cases.[227][228][229] On November 8, 2016, the Supreme Court of the Philippines
ruled in favor of the burial of the late president Ferdinand Marcos in the
Libingan ng Mga Bayani, the country's official cemetery for heroes, provoking
protests from thousands of millennials, Marcos-regime human rights victims, and
relatives of people who were tortured, killed, or were still missing due to
martial rule. The burial of the late president was a campaign promise of
President Rodrigo Duterte, who was supported by voters in Ilocos Norte, the
home province of Marcos.[230] In November 18, 2016, the remains of Ferdinand
Marcos was secretly buried by the Philippine National Police, Armed Forces of
the Philippines, and the family and friends of Ferdinand Marcos, despite the
Supreme Court order being non-executory due to protocol. Later in the
afternoon, the event was made public.[231] On May 23, 2017, President Rodrigo
Duterte signed Proclamation No. 216 declaring a 60-day martial law in Mindanao
following clashes between government forces and the Maute group in Marawi.
Here’s the
Complete Line-up of Pres. Rody Duterte’s Cabinet:
Cabinet
Secretary – Leoncio “Jun” Evasco
Executive
Secretary – Salvador Medialdea
Presidential
Communications Operations Office Secretary – Martin Andanar
Presidential
Spokesperson – Ernesto Abella
National
Security Adviser – Hermogenes Esperon Jr.
Secretary of
Agrarian Reform – Rafael V. Mariano
Secretary of
Agriculture – Emmanuel “Manny” Piñol
Secretary of
Budget and Management – Benjamin Diokno
Secretary of
Education – Leonor Briones
Secretary of
Energy – Alfonso Cusi
Secretary of
Environment and Natural Resources – Regina “Gina” Lopez
Secretary of
Finance – Carlos “Sonny” Dominguez III
Secretary of
Foreign Affairs – Perfecto R. Yasay, Jr.
Secretary of
Health – Paulyn Jean Rosell Ubial
Secretary of
Information and Communications Technology – Rodolfo Salalima
Secretary of
the Interior and Local Government – Ismael Sueño
Secretary of
Justice – Vitaliano Aguirre II
Secretary of
Labor and Employment – Silvestre “Bebot” Bello III
Secretary of
National Defense – Delfin Lorenzana
Secretary of
Public Works and Highways – Mark Villar
Secretary of
Science and Technology – Fortunato de la Peña
Secretary of
Social Welfare and Development – Judy Taguiwalo
Secretary of
Tourism – Wanda Corazon Teo
Secretary of
Trade and Industry – Ramon Lopez
Secretary of
Transportation and Communications – Arthur Tugade
Presidential
Assistant for the Visayas – Michael Diño
Special
Assistant to the President/Presidential Management Staff chief – Christopher
“Bong” Go
FIRST
REPUBLIC (Revolutionary government/The Philippines was still under Spanish
rule)
(1899-1901)
President: Emilio F. Aguinaldo
(1897?)
Vice-President: Mariano C. Trias (elected VP during the Tejeros assembly)
COMMONWEALTH
PERIOD (American Period)
(1935-1944)
President Manuel L. Quezon (Died in exile in the U.S.)
(1936-1944)
Vice-President: Sergio S. Osmeña, Sr.
(1944-1946)
President: Sergio S. Osmeña, Sr. (Assumed the presidency upon the death of
Quezon while the Philippine Commonwealth government is in exile in the U.S.)
SECOND
REPUBLIC (Japanese Occupation)
(1943-1945)
President: Jose P. Laurel
(1943-1945)
Vice-Presidents: Benigno Aquino, Sr. and Ramon Avancena
THIRD
REPUBLIC
(1946-1948)
President: Manuel L. Roxas (Died of a heart attack)
(1946-1948)
Vice-President: Elpidio R. Quirino
(1948-1953)
President: Elpidio R. Quirino (Assumed the remaining term & re-elected)
(1949-1953)
Vice-President: Fernando H. Lopez
(1953-1957)
President: Ramon F. Magsaysay
(Magsaysay
died in an airplane crash on March 16, 1957 on Mt. Manunggal in Cebu)
(1953-1957)
Vice-President: Carlos P. Garcia
(1957-1961)
President: Carlos P. Garcia (Assumed the remaining term and re-elected)
(1957-1961)
Vice-President: Diosdado P. Macapagal
(1961-1965)
President: Diosdado P. Macapagal
(1961-1965)
Vice-President: Emmanuel N. Pelaez
(1965-1972)
President: Ferdinand E. Marcos (the first to win 2 presidential terms)
(1965-1972)
Vice-President: Fernando H. Lopez
FOURTH
REPUBLIC (Martial Law, "The New Republic" & Parliamentary
Government)
(1972-1986)
President: Ferdinand E. Marcos (unseated by the People Power Revolution)
(Marcos died
in exile in Hawaii on September 28, 1989 of Lupus complications)
(1981-1986)
Prime Minister Cesar E. A. Virata
(1986)
Vice-President: Arturo M. Tolentino (proclaimed but did not serve due to the revolt)
FIFTH
REPUBLIC (Under the new "People Power" Constitution)
(1986-1992)
President: Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino
(1986-1992)
Vice-President: Salvador H. Laurel
(1992-1998)
President Fidel V. Ramos
(1992-1998)
Vice-President: Joseph Ejercito Estrada
(1998-2001)
President: Joseph Ejercito Estrada (Deposed by "People Power")
(1998-2001)
Vice-President: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
(2001-2010)
President: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (Assumed Estrada's remaining term &
re-elected)
(2001-2004)
Vice-President: Teofisto T. Guingona (1st term of Arroyo)
(2004-2010)
Vice-President: Manuel "Noli" Leuterio de Castro (2nd term of Arroyo)
(2010-2016)
President: Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Cojuangco Aquino III
(2010-2016)
Vice-President: Jejomar "Jojo" Cabauatan Binay
(2016-Present)
President: Rodrigo "Rody" Roa Duterte a.k.a. Digong
(2016-Present)
Vice-President: Maria Leonor "Leni" Santo Tomas Gerona-Robredo
TOP OFFICES
OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
The Office of
the President
The Supreme
Court of the Philippines
The Senate of
the Philippines
The House of
Representatives
CONSTITUTIONAL
COMMISSIONS
Civil Service
Commission
Commission on
Audit (COA)
Commission on
Elections (COMELEC)
DEPARTMENTS
Department of
Agriculture (DA),
Department of
Agrarian Reform (DAR),
Department of
Budget and Management (DBM),
Department of
Education (DepEd),
Department of
Energy (DOE),
Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR),
Department of
Finance (DOF)
Department of
Foreign Affairs (DFA) ,
Department of
Health (DOH) ,
Department of
the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
Department of
Justice (DOJ) ,
Department of
Labor and Employment (DOLE) ,
Department of
National Defense (DND) ,
Department of
Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
Department of
Science and Technology (DOST) ,
Department of
Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
Department of
Tourism (DOT) ,
Department of
Trade and Industry (DTI) ,
Department of
Transportation and Communication (DOTC)
MILITARY
Armed Forces
of the Philippines (AFP) ,
Philippine
Air Force (PAF) ,
Philippine
Army (PA) ,
Philippine
Navy (PN) ,
OTHER
AGENCIES
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP),
Career
Executive Service Board (CESB) ,
Development
Academy of the Philippines (DAP)
Development
Bank of the Philippines (DBP) ,
Government
Service Insurance System (GSIS),
Land Bank of
the Philippines (LBP) ,
National
Computer Center (NCC) ,
National
Council on Disability Affairs (NCDA),
National
Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
National Food
Authority (NFA) ,
National
Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA),
National
Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB) ,
National
Statistics Office (NSO) ,
National
Telecommunications Commission (NTC) ,
Overseas
Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA)
Philippine
Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth),
Securities
and Exchange Commission (SEC) ,
Social
Security System (SSS) ,
National
Labor Resource Commission (NLRC)